x SuSE Linux 13.1-RELEASE x
x SuSE Linux 13.1-RELEASEx
BUSYBOX(1) busybox BUSYBOX(1)
NAME
BusyBox - The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux
SYNTAX
busybox <applet> [arguments...] # or
<applet> [arguments...] # if symlinked
DESCRIPTION
BusyBox combines tiny versions of many common UNIX utilities into a
single small executable. It provides minimalist replacements for most
of the utilities you usually find in GNU coreutils, util-linux, etc.
The utilities in BusyBox generally have fewer options than their full-
featured GNU cousins; however, the options that are included provide
the expected functionality and behave very much like their GNU
counterparts.
BusyBox has been written with size-optimization and limited resources
in mind. It is also extremely modular so you can easily include or
exclude commands (or features) at compile time. This makes it easy to
customize your embedded systems. To create a working system, just add
/dev, /etc, and a Linux kernel. BusyBox provides a fairly complete
POSIX environment for any small or embedded system.
BusyBox is extremely configurable. This allows you to include only the
components you need, thereby reducing binary size. Run 'make config' or
'make menuconfig' to select the functionality that you wish to enable.
Then run 'make' to compile BusyBox using your configuration.
After the compile has finished, you should use 'make install' to
install BusyBox. This will install the 'bin/busybox' binary, in the
target directory specified by CONFIG_PREFIX. CONFIG_PREFIX can be set
when configuring BusyBox, or you can specify an alternative location at
install time (i.e., with a command line like 'make
CONFIG_PREFIX=/tmp/foo install'). If you enabled any applet
installation scheme (either as symlinks or hardlinks), these will also
be installed in the location pointed to by CONFIG_PREFIX.
USAGE
BusyBox is a multi-call binary. A multi-call binary is an executable
program that performs the same job as more than one utility program.
That means there is just a single BusyBox binary, but that single
binary acts like a large number of utilities. This allows BusyBox to
be smaller since all the built-in utility programs (we call them
applets) can share code for many common operations.
You can also invoke BusyBox by issuing a command as an argument on the
command line. For example, entering
/bin/busybox ls
will also cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls'.
Of course, adding '/bin/busybox' into every command would be painful.
So most people will invoke BusyBox using links to the BusyBox binary.
For example, entering
ln -s /bin/busybox ls
./ls
will cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls' (if the 'ls' command has been
compiled into BusyBox). Generally speaking, you should never need to
make all these links yourself, as the BusyBox build system will do this
for you when you run the 'make install' command.
If you invoke BusyBox with no arguments, it will provide you with a
list of the applets that have been compiled into your BusyBox binary.
COMMON OPTIONS
Most BusyBox applets support the --help argument to provide a terse
runtime description of their behavior. If the
CONFIG_FEATURE_VERBOSE_USAGE option has been enabled, more detailed
usage information will also be available.
COMMANDS
Currently available applets include:
[, [[, addgroup, adduser, ar, arch, arp, arping, ascii, ash, awk,
base32, base64, basename, bc, beep, blkid, brctl, bunzip2, bzcat,
bzip2, cal, cat, chattr, chcon, chgrp, chmod, chown, chpasswd,
chroot, chvt, cksum, clear, cmp, comm, cp, cpio, cryptpw, cut, date,
dd, deallocvt, delgroup, deluser, depmod, df, diff, dirname, dmesg,
dnsdomainname, dos2unix, du, echo, ed, egrep, env, envdir,
ether-wake, expand, expr, factor, fallocate, false, fatattr, fdisk,
fgrep, find, findfs, flock, fold, free, fsck, fsync, fuser,
getenforce, getopt, getsebool, grep, groups, gunzip, gzip, head,
hexdump, hexedit, hostid, hostname, hush, id, ifconfig, ifdown,
ifenslave, ifup, insmod, install, iostat, ip, ipaddr, ipcrm, ipcs,
iplink, ipneigh, iproute, iprule, iptunnel, kill, killall, killall5,
last, less, link, linux32, linux64, ln, load_policy, loadfont,
loadkmap, logger, login, logname, losetup, ls, lsattr, lsmod, lsof,
lspci, lsscsi, lsusb, lzcat, lzma, lzop, man, matchpathcon, md5sum,
mdev, mesg, mkdir, mkdosfs, mke2fs, mkfifo, mkfs.ext2, mkfs.vfat,
mknod, mkpasswd, mkswap, mktemp, modinfo, modprobe, more, mount,
mountpoint, mpstat, mv, nameif, nbd-client, nc, netstat, nice, nl,
nmeter, nohup, nologin, nproc, nsenter, nslookup, od, openvt,
passwd, paste, patch, pgrep, pidof, ping, ping6, pkill, pmap,
printenv, printf, ps, pscan, pstree, pwd, pwdx, readlink, realpath,
renice, reset, resize, restorecon, rev, rm, rmdir, rmmod, route,
runcon, script, scriptreplay, sed, selinuxenabled, sendmail, seq,
sestatus, setarch, setconsole, setenforce, setfattr, setfiles,
setfont, setkeycodes, setlogcons, setpriv, setsebool, setsid, sh,
sha1sum, sha256sum, sha3sum, sha512sum, showkey, shred, shuf,
slattach, sleep, smemcap, sort, split, ssl_client, stat, strings,
stty, su, sulogin, sum, switch_root, sync, sysctl, syslogd, tac,
tail, tar, tc, tee, telnet, test, tftp, time, timeout, top, touch,
tr, traceroute, traceroute6, true, truncate, tty, ttysize, tunctl,
udhcpc, uevent, umount, uname, uncompress, unexpand, uniq, unix2dos,
unlink, unlzma, unshare, unxz, unzip, uptime, users, usleep,
uudecode, uuencode, vconfig, vi, vlock, w, wall, watch, wc, wget,
which, who, whoami, whois, xargs, xxd, xz, xzcat, yes, zcat, zcip
COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
addgroup
addgroup [-g GID] [-S] [USER] GROUP
Add a group or add a user to a group
-g GID Group id
-S Create a system group
adduser
adduser [OPTIONS] USER [GROUP]
Create new user, or add USER to GROUP
-h DIR Home directory
-g GECOS GECOS field
-s SHELL Login shell
-G GRP Group
-S Create a system user
-D Don't assign a password
-H Don't create home directory
-u UID User id
-k SKEL Skeleton directory (/etc/skel)
ar ar x|p|t|r [-ov] ARCHIVE [FILE]...
Extract or list FILEs from an ar archive, or create it
x Extract
p Extract to stdout
t List
r Create
-o Restore mtime
-v Verbose
arch
arch
Print system architecture
arp arp [-vn] [-H HWTYPE] [-i IF] -a [HOSTNAME] [-v] [-i
IF] -d HOSTNAME [pub] [-v] [-H HWTYPE] [-i IF] -s HOSTNAME HWADDR
[temp] [-v] [-H HWTYPE] [-i IF] -s HOSTNAME HWADDR [netmask MASK]
pub [-v] [-H HWTYPE] [-i IF] -Ds HOSTNAME IFACE [netmask MASK] pub
Manipulate ARP cache
-a Display (all) hosts
-d Delete ARP entry
-s Set new entry
-v Verbose
-n Don't resolve names
-i IF Network interface
-D Read HWADDR from IFACE
-A,-p AF Protocol family
-H HWTYPE Hardware address type
arping
arping [-fqbDUA] [-c CNT] [-w TIMEOUT] [-I IFACE] [-s SRC_IP]
DST_IP
Send ARP requests/replies
-f Quit on first ARP reply
-q Quiet
-b Keep broadcasting, don't go unicast
-D Exit with 1 if DST_IP replies
-U Unsolicited ARP mode, update your neighbors
-A ARP answer mode, update your neighbors
-c N Stop after sending N ARP requests
-w TIMEOUT Seconds to wait for ARP reply
-I IFACE Interface to use (default eth0)
-s SRC_IP Sender IP address
DST_IP Target IP address
ash ash [-il] [-|+Cabefmnuvx] [-|+o OPT]... [-c 'SCRIPT' [ARG0 ARGS] |
FILE ARGS | -s ARGS]
Unix shell interpreter
awk awk [OPTIONS] [AWK_PROGRAM] [FILE]...
-v VAR=VAL Set variable
-F SEP Use SEP as field separator
-f FILE Read program from FILE
-e AWK_PROGRAM
base32
base32 [-d] [-w COL] [FILE]
Base32 encode or decode FILE to standard output
-d Decode data
-w COL Wrap lines at COL (default 76, 0 disables)
base64
base64 [-d] [-w COL] [FILE]
Base64 encode or decode FILE to standard output
-d Decode data
-w COL Wrap lines at COL (default 76, 0 disables)
basename
basename FILE [SUFFIX] | -a FILE... | -s SUFFIX FILE...
Strip directory path and SUFFIX from FILE
-a All arguments are FILEs
-s SUFFIX Remove SUFFIX (implies -a)
bc bc [-sqlw] [FILE]...
Arbitrary precision calculator
-q Quiet
-l Load standard library
-s Be POSIX compatible
-w Warn if extensions are used
$BC_LINE_LENGTH changes output width
beep
beep -f FREQ -l LEN -d DELAY -r COUNT -n
-f Frequency in Hz
-l Length in ms
-d Delay in ms
-r Repetitions
-n Start new tone
blkid
blkid [BLOCKDEV]...
Print UUIDs of all filesystems
brctl
brctl COMMAND [BRIDGE [ARGS]]
Manage ethernet bridges Commands:
show [BRIDGE]... Show bridges
addbr BRIDGE Create BRIDGE
delbr BRIDGE Delete BRIDGE
addif BRIDGE IFACE Add IFACE to BRIDGE
delif BRIDGE IFACE Delete IFACE from BRIDGE
showmacs BRIDGE List MAC addresses
showstp BRIDGE Show STP info
stp BRIDGE 1/yes/on|0/no/off Set STP on/off
setageing BRIDGE SECONDS Set ageing time
setfd BRIDGE SECONDS Set bridge forward delay
sethello BRIDGE SECONDS Set hello time
setmaxage BRIDGE SECONDS Set max message age
setbridgeprio BRIDGE PRIO Set bridge priority
setportprio BRIDGE IFACE PRIO Set port priority
setpathcost BRIDGE IFACE COST Set path cost
bunzip2
bunzip2 [-cfk] [FILE]...
Decompress FILEs (or stdin)
-c Write to stdout
-f Force
-k Keep input files
-t Test integrity
bzcat
bzcat [FILE]...
Decompress to stdout
bzip2
bzip2 [-cfkdt123456789] [FILE]...
Compress FILEs (or stdin) with bzip2 algorithm
-1..9 Compression level
-d Decompress
-c Write to stdout
-f Force
-k Keep input files
-t Test integrity
cal cal [-jmy] [[MONTH] YEAR]
Display a calendar
-j Use julian dates
-m Week starts on Monday
-y Display the entire year
cat cat [-nbvteA] [FILE]...
Print FILEs to stdout
-n Number output lines
-b Number nonempty lines
-v Show nonprinting characters as ^x or M-x
-t ...and tabs as ^I
-e ...and end lines with $
-A Same as -vte
chattr
chattr [-R] [-v VERSION] [-p PROJID] [-+=AacDdijsStTu] FILE...
Change ext2 file attributes
-R Recurse
-v NUM Set version/generation number
-p NUM Set project number
Modifiers:
-,+,= Remove/add/set attributes
Attributes:
A No atime
a Append only
C No copy-on-write
c Compressed
D Synchronous dir updates
d Don't backup with dump
E Encrypted
e File uses extents
F Case-insensitive dir
I Indexed dir
i Immutable
j Write data to journal first
N File is stored in inode
P Hierarchical project ID dir
S Synchronous file updates
s Zero storage when deleted
T Top of dir hierarchy
t Don't tail-merge with other files
u Allow undelete
V Verity
chcon
chcon [-chfRv] CONTEXT FILE... chcon [-chfRv] [-u USER] [-r
ROLE] [-l RANGE] [-t TYPE] FILE... chcon [-chfRv]
--reference=RFILE FILE...
Change the security context of FILEs to CONTEXT
-v Verbose
-c Report changes made
-h Affect symlinks instead of their targets
-f Suppress most error messages
--reference RFILE Use RFILE's group instead of using a CONTEXT value
-u USER Set user/role/type/range in the target security context
-r ROLE
-t TYPE
-l RANGE
-R Recurse
chgrp
chgrp [-RhLHPcvf]... GROUP FILE...
Change the group membership of FILEs to GROUP
-h Affect symlinks instead of symlink targets
-L Traverse all symlinks to directories
-H Traverse symlinks on command line only
-P Don't traverse symlinks (default)
-R Recurse
-c List changed files
-v Verbose
-f Hide errors
chmod
chmod [-Rcvf] MODE[,MODE]... FILE...
MODE is octal number (bit pattern sstrwxrwxrwx) or
[ugoa]{+|-|=}[rwxXst]
-R Recurse
-c List changed files
-v Verbose
-f Hide errors
chown
chown [-RhLHPcvf]... USER[:[GRP]] FILE...
Change the owner and/or group of FILEs to USER and/or GRP
-h Affect symlinks instead of symlink targets
-L Traverse all symlinks to directories
-H Traverse symlinks on command line only
-P Don't traverse symlinks (default)
-R Recurse
-c List changed files
-v Verbose
-f Hide errors
chpasswd
chpasswd [-me] [-c ALG] [-R DIR]
Read user:password from stdin and update /etc/passwd
-e Supplied passwords are in encrypted form
-m Encrypt using md5, not des
-c ALG des,md5,sha256/512 (default sha512)
-R DIR Directory to chroot into
chroot
chroot NEWROOT [PROG ARGS]
Run PROG with root directory set to NEWROOT
chvt
chvt N
Change the foreground virtual terminal to /dev/ttyN
cksum
cksum FILE...
Calculate CRC32 checksum of FILEs
clear
clear
Clear screen
cmp cmp [-ls] [-n NUM] FILE1 [FILE2 [SKIP1 [SKIP2]]]
Compare FILE1 with FILE2 (or stdin)
-l Write the byte numbers (decimal) and values (octal)
for all differing bytes
-s Quiet
-n NUM Compare at most NUM bytes
comm
comm [-123] FILE1 FILE2
Compare FILE1 with FILE2
-1 Suppress lines unique to FILE1
-2 Suppress lines unique to FILE2
-3 Suppress lines common to both files
cp cp [-arPLHpfinlsTu] SOURCE DEST or: cp [-arPLHpfinlsu] SOURCE... {
-t DIRECTORY | DIRECTORY }
Copy SOURCEs to DEST
-a Same as -dpR
-c Preserve security context
-R,-r Recurse
-d,-P Preserve symlinks (default if -R)
-L Follow all symlinks
-H Follow symlinks on command line
-p Preserve file attributes if possible
-f Overwrite
-i Prompt before overwrite
-n Don't overwrite
-l,-s Create (sym)links
-T Refuse to copy if DEST is a directory
-t DIR Copy all SOURCEs into DIR
-u Copy only newer files
cpio
cpio [-dmvu] [-F FILE] [-R USER[:GRP]] [-H newc] [-tio] [-p DIR]
[EXTR_FILE]...
Extract (-i) or list (-t) files from a cpio archive, or take file
list from stdin and create an archive (-o) or copy files (-p)
Main operation mode:
-t List
-i Extract EXTR_FILEs (or all)
-o Create (requires -H newc)
-p DIR Copy files to DIR
Options:
-H newc Archive format
-d Make leading directories
-m Restore mtime
-v Verbose
-u Overwrite
-F FILE Input (-t,-i,-p) or output (-o) file
-R USER[:GRP] Set owner of created files
-L Dereference symlinks
-0 NUL terminated input
--ignore-devno
--renumber-inodes
cryptpw
cryptpw [-P FD] [-m TYPE] [-S SALT] [PASSWORD] [SALT]
Print crypt(3) hashed PASSWORD
-P N Read password from fd N
-m TYPE des,md5,sha256/512 (default sha512)
-S SALT
cut cut [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
Print selected fields from FILEs to stdout
-b LIST Output only bytes from LIST
-c LIST Output only characters from LIST
-d SEP Field delimiter for input (default -f TAB, -F run of whitespace)
-O SEP Field delimeter for output (default = -d for -f, one space for -F)
-D Don't sort/collate sections or match -fF lines without delimeter
-f LIST Print only these fields (-d is single char)
-F LIST Print only these fields (-d is regex)
-s Output only lines containing delimiter
-n Ignored
date
date [OPTIONS] [+FMT] [[-s] TIME]
Display time (using +FMT), or set time
-u Work in UTC (don't convert to local time)
[-s] TIME Set time to TIME
-d TIME Display TIME, not 'now'
-D FMT FMT (strptime format) for -s/-d TIME conversion
-r FILE Display last modification time of FILE
-R Output RFC-2822 date
-I[SPEC] Output ISO-8601 date
SPEC=date (default), hours, minutes, seconds or ns
Recognized TIME formats:
@seconds_since_1970
hh:mm[:ss]
[YYYY.]MM.DD-hh:mm[:ss]
YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm[:ss]
[[[[[YY]YY]MM]DD]hh]mm[.ss]
'date TIME' form accepts MMDDhhmm[[YY]YY][.ss] instead
dd dd [if=FILE] [of=FILE] [ibs=N obs=N/bs=N] [count=N] [skip=N]
[seek=N] [conv=notrunc|noerror|sync|fsync]
[iflag=skip_bytes|count_bytes|fullblock|direct]
[oflag=seek_bytes|append|direct]
Copy a file with converting and formatting
if=FILE Read from FILE instead of stdin
of=FILE Write to FILE instead of stdout
bs=N Read and write N bytes at a time
ibs=N Read N bytes at a time
obs=N Write N bytes at a time
count=N Copy only N input blocks
skip=N Skip N input blocks
seek=N Skip N output blocks
conv=notrunc Don't truncate output file
conv=noerror Continue after read errors
conv=sync Pad blocks with zeros
conv=fsync Physically write data out before finishing
conv=swab Swap every pair of bytes
iflag=skip_bytes skip=N is in bytes
iflag=count_bytes count=N is in bytes
oflag=seek_bytes seek=N is in bytes
iflag=direct O_DIRECT input
oflag=direct O_DIRECT output
iflag=fullblock Read full blocks
oflag=append Open output in append mode
status=noxfer Suppress rate output
status=none Suppress all output
N may be suffixed by c (1), w (2), b (512), kB (1000), k (1024),
MB, M, GB, G
deallocvt
deallocvt [N]
Deallocate unused virtual terminal /dev/ttyN
delgroup
delgroup [USER] GROUP
Delete group GROUP from the system or user USER from group GROUP
deluser
deluser [--remove-home] USER
Delete USER from the system
depmod
depmod [-n] [-b BASE] [VERSION] [MODFILES]...
Generate modules.dep, alias, and symbols files
-b BASE Use BASE/lib/modules/VERSION
-n Dry run: print files to stdout
df df [-PkmhTai] [-B SIZE] [-t TYPE] [FILESYSTEM]...
Print filesystem usage statistics
-P POSIX output format
-k 1024-byte blocks (default)
-m 1M-byte blocks
-h Human readable (e.g. 1K 243M 2G)
-T Print filesystem type
-t TYPE Print only mounts of this type
-a Show all filesystems
-i Inodes
-B SIZE Blocksize
diff
diff [-abBdiNqrTstw] [-L LABEL] [-S FILE] [-U LINES] FILE1 FILE2
Compare files line by line and output the differences between them.
This implementation supports unified diffs only.
-a Treat all files as text
-b Ignore changes in the amount of whitespace
-B Ignore changes whose lines are all blank
-d Try hard to find a smaller set of changes
-i Ignore case differences
-L Use LABEL instead of the filename in the unified header
-N Treat absent files as empty
-q Output only whether files differ
-r Recurse
-S Start with FILE when comparing directories
-T Make tabs line up by prefixing a tab when necessary
-s Report when two files are the same
-t Expand tabs to spaces in output
-U Output LINES lines of context
-w Ignore all whitespace
dirname
dirname FILENAME
Strip non-directory suffix from FILENAME
dmesg
dmesg [-cr] [-n LEVEL] [-s SIZE]
Print or control the kernel ring buffer
-c Clear ring buffer after printing
-n LEVEL Set console logging level
-s SIZE Buffer size
-r Print raw message buffer
dos2unix
dos2unix [-ud] [FILE]
Convert FILE in-place from DOS to Unix format. When no file is
given, use stdin/stdout.
-u dos2unix
-d unix2dos
du du [-aHLdclsxhmk] [FILE]...
Summarize disk space used for FILEs (or directories)
-a Show file sizes too
-b Apparent size (including holes)
-L Follow all symlinks
-H Follow symlinks on command line
-d N Limit output to directories (and files with -a) of depth < N
-c Show grand total
-l Count sizes many times if hard linked
-s Display only a total for each argument
-x Skip directories on different filesystems
-h Sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 243M 2G)
-m Sizes in megabytes
-k Sizes in kilobytes (default)
echo
echo [-neE] [ARG]...
Print ARGs to stdout
-n No trailing newline
-e Interpret backslash escapes (\t=tab etc)
-E Don't interpret backslash escapes (default)
ed ed [-p PROMPT] [FILE]
env env [-i0] [-u NAME]... [-] [NAME=VALUE]... [PROG ARGS]
Print current environment or run PROG after setting up environment
-, -i Start with empty environment
-0 NUL terminated output
-u NAME Remove variable from environment
envdir
envdir DIR PROG ARGS
Set various environment variables as specified by files in the
directory DIR, run PROG
ether-wake
ether-wake [-b] [-i IFACE] [-p aa:bb:cc:dd[:ee:ff]/a.b.c.d] MAC
Send a magic packet to wake up sleeping machines. MAC must be a
station address (00:11:22:33:44:55) or a hostname with a known
'ethers' entry.
-b Broadcast the packet
-i IFACE Interface to use (default eth0)
-p PASSWORD Append four or six byte PASSWORD to the packet
expand
expand [-i] [-t N] [FILE]...
Convert tabs to spaces, writing to stdout
-i Don't convert tabs after non blanks
-t Tabstops every N chars
expr
expr EXPRESSION
Print the value of EXPRESSION
EXPRESSION may be:
ARG1 | ARG2 ARG1 if it is neither null nor 0, otherwise ARG2
ARG1 & ARG2 ARG1 if neither argument is null or 0, otherwise 0
ARG1 < ARG2 1 if ARG1 is less than ARG2, else 0. Similarly:
ARG1 <= ARG2
ARG1 = ARG2
ARG1 != ARG2
ARG1 >= ARG2
ARG1 > ARG2
ARG1 + ARG2 Sum of ARG1 and ARG2. Similarly:
ARG1 - ARG2
ARG1 * ARG2
ARG1 / ARG2
ARG1 % ARG2
STRING : REGEXP Anchored pattern match of REGEXP in STRING
match STRING REGEXP Same as STRING : REGEXP
substr STRING POS LEN Substring of STRING, POS counts from 1
index STRING CHARS Index in STRING where any CHARS is found, or 0
length STRING Length of STRING
quote TOKEN Interpret TOKEN as a string, even if
it is a keyword like 'match' or an
operator like '/'
(EXPRESSION) Value of EXPRESSION
Beware that many operators need to be escaped or quoted for shells.
Comparisons are arithmetic if both ARGs are numbers, else
lexicographical. Pattern matches return the string matched between
\( and \) or null; if \( and \) are not used, they return the
number of characters matched or 0.
factor
factor [NUMBER]...
Print prime factors
fallocate
fallocate [-o OFS] -l LEN FILE
Preallocate space for FILE
-o OFS Offset of range
-l LEN Length of range
fatattr
fatattr [-+rhsvda] FILE...
Change file attributes on FAT filesystem
- Clear attributes
+ Set attributes
r Read only
h Hidden
s System
v Volume label
d Directory
a Archive
fdisk
fdisk [-ul] [-C CYLINDERS] [-H HEADS] [-S SECTORS] [-b SSZ] DISK
Change partition table
-u Start and End are in sectors (instead of cylinders)
-l Show partition table for each DISK, then exit
-b 2048 (for certain MO disks) use 2048-byte sectors
-C CYLINDERS Set number of cylinders/heads/sectors
-H HEADS Typically 255
-S SECTORS Typically 63
find
find [-HL] [PATH]... [OPTIONS] [ACTIONS]
Search for files and perform actions on them. First failed action
stops processing of current file. Defaults: PATH is current
directory, action is '-print'
-L,-follow Follow symlinks
-H ...on command line only
-xdev Don't descend directories on other filesystems
-maxdepth N Descend at most N levels. -maxdepth 0 applies
actions to command line arguments only
-mindepth N Don't act on first N levels
-depth Act on directory *after* traversing it
Actions:
( ACTIONS ) Group actions for -o / -a
! ACT Invert ACT's success/failure
ACT1 [-a] ACT2 If ACT1 fails, stop, else do ACT2
ACT1 -o ACT2 If ACT1 succeeds, stop, else do ACT2
Note: -a has higher priority than -o
-name PATTERN Match file name (w/o directory name) to PATTERN
-iname PATTERN Case insensitive -name
-path PATTERN Match path to PATTERN
-ipath PATTERN Case insensitive -path
-regex PATTERN Match path to regex PATTERN
-type X File type is X (one of: f,d,l,b,c,s,p)
-executable File is executable
-perm MASK At least one mask bit (+MASK), all bits (-MASK),
or exactly MASK bits are set in file's mode
-mtime DAYS mtime is greater than (+N), less than (-N),
or exactly N days in the past
-atime DAYS atime +N/-N/N days in the past
-ctime DAYS ctime +N/-N/N days in the past
-mmin MINS mtime is greater than (+N), less than (-N),
or exactly N minutes in the past
-amin MINS atime +N/-N/N minutes in the past
-cmin MINS ctime +N/-N/N minutes in the past
-newer FILE mtime is more recent than FILE's
-inum N File has inode number N
-samefile FILE File is same as FILE
-user NAME/ID File is owned by given user
-group NAME/ID File is owned by given group
-size N[bck] File size is N (c:bytes,k:kbytes,b:512 bytes(def.))
+/-N: file size is bigger/smaller than N
-links N Number of links is greater than (+N), less than (-N),
or exactly N
-empty Match empty file/directory
-prune If current file is directory, don't descend into it
If none of the following actions is specified, -print is assumed
-print Print file name
-print0 Print file name, NUL terminated
-exec CMD ARG ; Run CMD with all instances of {} replaced by
file name. Fails if CMD exits with nonzero
-exec CMD ARG + Run CMD with {} replaced by list of file names
-delete Delete current file/directory. Turns on -depth option
-quit Exit
findfs
findfs LABEL=label or UUID=uuid
Find a filesystem device based on a label or UUID
flock
flock [-sxun] FD | { FILE [-c] PROG ARGS }
[Un]lock file descriptor, or lock FILE, run PROG
-s Shared lock
-x Exclusive lock (default)
-u Unlock FD
-n Fail rather than wait
fold
fold [-bs] [-w WIDTH] [FILE]...
Wrap input lines in FILEs (or stdin), writing to stdout
-b Count bytes rather than columns
-s Break at spaces
-w Use WIDTH columns instead of 80
free
free [-bkmgh]
Display free and used memory
fsck
fsck [-ANPRTV] [-t FSTYPE] [FS_OPTS] [BLOCKDEV]...
Check and repair filesystems
-A Walk /etc/fstab and check all filesystems
-N Don't execute, just show what would be done
-P With -A, check filesystems in parallel
-R With -A, skip the root filesystem
-T Don't show title on startup
-V Verbose
-t TYPE List of filesystem types to check
fsync
fsync [-d] FILE...
Write all buffered blocks in FILEs to disk
-d Avoid syncing metadata
fuser
fuser [-msk46] [-SIGNAL] FILE or PORT/PROTO
Find processes which use FILEs or PORTs
-m Find processes which use same fs as FILEs
-4,-6 Search only IPv4/IPv6 space
-s Don't display PIDs
-k Kill found processes
-SIGNAL Signal to send (default: KILL)
getopt
getopt [OPTIONS] [--] OPTSTRING PARAMS
-a Allow long options starting with single -
-l LOPT[,...] Long options to recognize
-n PROGNAME The name under which errors are reported
-o OPTSTRING Short options to recognize
-q No error messages on unrecognized options
-Q No normal output
-s SHELL Set shell quoting conventions
-T Version test (exits with 4)
-u Don't quote output
Example:
O=`getopt -l bb: -- ab:c:: "$@"` || exit 1 eval set -- "$O" while
true; do case "$1" in -a) echo A; shift;; -b|--bb)
echo "B:'$2'"; shift 2;; -c) case "$2" in "") echo
C; shift 2;; *) echo "C:'$2'"; shift 2;;
esac;; --) shift; break;; *) echo Error;
exit 1;; esac done
getsebool
getsebool -a or getsebool boolean...
-a Show all selinux booleans
grep
grep [-HhnlLoqvsrRiwFE] [-m N] [-A|B|C N] { PATTERN | -e PATTERN...
| -f FILE... } [FILE]...
Search for PATTERN in FILEs (or stdin)
-H Add 'filename:' prefix
-h Do not add 'filename:' prefix
-n Add 'line_no:' prefix
-l Show only names of files that match
-L Show only names of files that don't match
-c Show only count of matching lines
-o Show only the matching part of line
-q Quiet. Return 0 if PATTERN is found, 1 otherwise
-v Select non-matching lines
-s Suppress open and read errors
-r Recurse
-R Recurse and dereference symlinks
-i Ignore case
-w Match whole words only
-x Match whole lines only
-F PATTERN is a literal (not regexp)
-E PATTERN is an extended regexp
-m N Match up to N times per file
-A N Print N lines of trailing context
-B N Print N lines of leading context
-C N Same as '-A N -B N'
-e PTRN Pattern to match
-f FILE Read pattern from file
groups
groups [USER]
Print the groups USER is in
gunzip
gunzip [-cfkt] [FILE]...
Decompress FILEs (or stdin)
-c Write to stdout
-f Force
-k Keep input files
-t Test integrity
gzip
gzip [-cfkdt] [FILE]...
Compress FILEs (or stdin)
-d Decompress
-c Write to stdout
-f Force
-k Keep input files
-t Test integrity
head
head [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
Print first 10 lines of FILEs (or stdin). With more than one FILE,
precede each with a filename header.
-n N[bkm] Print first N lines
-n -N[bkm] Print all except N last lines
-c [-]N[bkm] Print first N bytes
(b:*512 k:*1024 m:*1024^2)
-q Never print headers
-v Always print headers
hexdump
hexdump [-bcdoxCv] [-e FMT] [-f FMT_FILE] [-n LEN] [-s OFS]
[FILE]...
Display FILEs (or stdin) in a user specified format
-b 1-byte octal display
-c 1-byte character display
-d 2-byte decimal display
-o 2-byte octal display
-x 2-byte hex display
-C hex+ASCII 16 bytes per line
-v Show all (no dup folding)
-e FORMAT_STR Example: '16/1 "%02x|""\n"'
-f FORMAT_FILE
-n LENGTH Show only first LENGTH bytes
-s OFFSET Skip OFFSET bytes
hexedit
hexedit FILE
Edit FILE in hexadecimal
hostid
hostid
Print out a unique 32-bit identifier for the machine
hostname
hostname [-sidf] [HOSTNAME | -F FILE]
Show or set hostname or DNS domain name
-s Short
-i Addresses for the hostname
-d DNS domain name
-f Fully qualified domain name
-F FILE Use FILE's content as hostname
hush
hush [-enxl] [-c 'SCRIPT' [ARG0 ARGS] | FILE ARGS | -s ARGS]
Unix shell interpreter
id id [-ugGnrZ] [USER]
Print information about USER or the current user
-Z Security context
-u User ID
-g Group ID
-G Supplementary group IDs
-n Print names instead of numbers
-r Print real ID instead of effective ID
ifconfig
ifconfig [-a] [IFACE] [ADDRESS]
Configure a network interface
[add ADDRESS[/PREFIXLEN]]
[del ADDRESS[/PREFIXLEN]]
[[-]broadcast [ADDRESS]] [[-]pointopoint [ADDRESS]]
[netmask ADDRESS] [dstaddr ADDRESS]
[outfill NN] [keepalive NN]
[hw ether|infiniband ADDRESS] [metric NN] [mtu NN]
[[-]trailers] [[-]arp] [[-]allmulti]
[multicast] [[-]promisc] [txqueuelen NN] [[-]dynamic]
[mem_start NN] [io_addr NN] [irq NN]
[up|down] ...
ifdown
ifdown [-nmvf] [-i FILE] -a | IFACE...
-a Deconfigure all interfaces
-i FILE Use FILE instead of /etc/network/interfaces
-n Dry run
(note: doesn't disable mappings)
-m Don't run any mappings
-v Print out what would happen before doing it
-f Force
ifenslave
ifenslave [-cdf] MASTER_IFACE SLAVE_IFACE...
Configure network interfaces for parallel routing
-c Change active slave
-d Remove slave interface from bonding device
-f Force, even if interface is not Ethernet
ifup
ifup [-nmvf] [-i FILE] -a | IFACE...
-a Configure all interfaces
-i FILE Use FILE instead of /etc/network/interfaces
-n Dry run
(note: doesn't disable mappings)
-m Don't run any mappings
-v Print out what would happen before doing it
-f Force
insmod
insmod FILE [SYMBOL=VALUE]...
Load kernel module
install
install [-cdDsp] [-o USER] [-g GRP] [-m MODE] [-t DIR] [SOURCE]...
DEST
Copy files and set attributes
-c Just copy (default)
-d Create directories
-D Create leading target directories
-s Strip symbol table
-p Preserve date
-o USER Set ownership
-g GRP Set group ownership
-m MODE Set permissions
-t DIR Install to DIR
-Z Set security context
iostat
iostat [-c] [-d] [-t] [-z] [-k|-m] [ALL|BLOCKDEV...] [INTERVAL
[COUNT]]
Report CPU and I/O statistics
-c Show CPU utilization
-d Show device utilization
-t Print current time
-z Omit devices with no activity
-k Use kb/s
-m Use Mb/s
ip ip [OPTIONS] address|route|link|tunnel|neigh|rule [ARGS]
OPTIONS := -f[amily] inet|inet6|link | -o[neline]
ip addr add|del IFADDR dev IFACE | show|flush [dev IFACE] [to
PREFIX] ip route list|flush|add|del|change|append|replace|test
ROUTE ip link set IFACE [up|down] [arp on|off] [multicast on|off]
[promisc on|off] [mtu NUM] [name NAME] [qlen NUM] [address
MAC] [master IFACE | nomaster] [netns PID] ip tunnel
add|change|del|show [NAME] [mode ipip|gre|sit] [remote ADDR]
[local ADDR] [ttl TTL] ip neigh show|flush [to PREFIX] [dev DEV]
[nud STATE] ip rule [list] | add|del SELECTOR ACTION
ipaddr
ipaddr add|del IFADDR dev IFACE | show|flush [dev IFACE] [to
PREFIX]
ipaddr add|change|replace|delete dev IFACE [CONFFLAG-LIST] IFADDR
IFADDR := PREFIX | ADDR peer PREFIX [broadcast ADDR|+|-]
[anycast ADDR] [label STRING] [scope SCOPE] PREFIX
:= ADDR[/MASK] SCOPE := [host|link|global|NUMBER]
CONFFLAG-LIST := [CONFFLAG-LIST] CONFFLAG CONFFLAG :=
[noprefixroute] ipaddr show|flush [dev IFACE] [scope SCOPE] [to
PREFIX] [label PATTERN]
ipcrm
ipcrm [-MQS key] [-mqs id]
Upper-case options MQS remove an object by shmkey value. Lower-
case options remove an object by shmid value.
-mM Remove memory segment after last detach
-qQ Remove message queue
-sS Remove semaphore
ipcs
ipcs [[-smq] -i SHMID] | [[-asmq] [-tcplu]]
-i ID Show specific resource
Resource specification:
-m Shared memory segments
-q Message queues
-s Semaphore arrays
-a All (default)
Output format:
-t Time
-c Creator
-p Pid
-l Limits
-u Summary
iplink
iplink set IFACE [up|down] [arp on|off] [multicast on|off]
[promisc on|off] [mtu NUM] [name NAME] [qlen NUM] [address
MAC] [master IFACE | nomaster] [netns PID] iplink add [link
IFACE] IFACE [address MAC] type TYPE [ARGS] iplink delete IFACE
type TYPE [ARGS] TYPE ARGS := vlan VLANARGS | vrf table NUM
VLANARGS := id VLANID [protocol 802.1q|802.1ad] [reorder_hdr
on|off] [gvrp on|off] [mvrp on|off] [loose_binding
on|off] iplink show [IFACE]
ipneigh
ipneigh show|flush [to PREFIX] [dev DEV] [nud STATE]
iproute
iproute list|flush|add|del|change|append|replace|test ROUTE
iproute list|flush SELECTOR SELECTOR := [root PREFIX] [match
PREFIX] [proto RTPROTO] PREFIX := default|ADDR[/MASK] iproute
get ADDR [from ADDR iif IFACE] [oif IFACE] [tos TOS] iproute
add|del|change|append|replace|test ROUTE ROUTE := NODE_SPEC
[INFO_SPEC] NODE_SPEC := PREFIX [table TABLE_ID] [proto
RTPROTO] [scope SCOPE] [metric METRIC] INFO_SPEC := NH OPTIONS
NH := [via [inet|inet6] ADDR] [dev IFACE] [src ADDR] [onlink]
OPTIONS := [mtu [lock] NUM] [advmss [lock] NUM]
iprule
iprule [list] | add|del SELECTOR ACTION
SELECTOR := [from PREFIX] [to PREFIX] [tos TOS] [fwmark FWMARK[/MASK]]
[dev IFACE] [pref NUMBER]
ACTION := [table TABLE_ID] [nat ADDR]
[prohibit|reject|unreachable]
[realms [SRCREALM/]DSTREALM]
TABLE_ID := [local|main|default|NUMBER]
iptunnel
iptunnel add|change|del|show [NAME] [mode ipip|gre|sit]
[remote ADDR] [local ADDR] [ttl TTL]
iptunnel add|change|del|show [NAME] [mode ipip|gre|sit]
[remote ADDR] [local ADDR] [[i|o]seq] [[i|o]key KEY]
[[i|o]csum] [ttl TTL] [tos TOS] [[no]pmtudisc] [dev PHYS_DEV]
kill
kill [-l] [-SIG] PID...
Send a signal (default: TERM) to given PIDs
-l List all signal names and numbers
killall
killall [-lq] [-SIG] PROCESS_NAME...
Send a signal (default: TERM) to given processes
-l List all signal names and numbers
-q Don't complain if no processes were killed
killall5
killall5 [-l] [-SIG] [-o PID]...
Send a signal (default: TERM) to all processes outside current
session
-l List all signal names and numbers
-o PID Don't signal this PID
last
last [-HW] [-f FILE]
Show listing of the last users that logged into the system
-W Display with no host column truncation
-f FILE Read from FILE instead of /var/log/wtmp
less
less [-EFIMmNSRh~] [FILE]...
View FILE (or stdin) one screenful at a time
-E Quit once the end of a file is reached
-F Quit if entire file fits on first screen
-I Ignore case in all searches
-M,-m Display status line with line numbers
and percentage through the file
-N Prefix line number to each line
-S Truncate long lines
-R Remove color escape codes in input
-~ Suppress ~s displayed past EOF
link
link FILE LINK
Create hard LINK to FILE
ln ln [-sfnbtv] [-S SUF] TARGET... LINK|DIR
Create a link LINK or DIR/TARGET to the specified TARGET(s)
-s Make symlinks instead of hardlinks
-f Remove existing destinations
-n Don't dereference symlinks - treat like normal file
-b Make a backup of the target (if exists) before link operation
-S SUF Use suffix instead of ~ when making backup files
-T Treat LINK as a file, not DIR
-v Verbose
loadfont
loadfont < font
Load a console font from stdin
loadkmap
loadkmap < keymap
Load a binary keyboard translation table from stdin
logger
logger [-s] [-t TAG] [-p PRIO] [MESSAGE]
Write MESSAGE (or stdin) to syslog
-s Log to stderr as well as the system log
-t TAG Log using the specified tag (defaults to user name)
-p PRIO Priority (number or FACILITY.LEVEL pair)
login
login [-p] [-h HOST] [[-f] USER]
Begin a new session on the system
-f Don't authenticate (user already authenticated)
-h HOST Host user came from (for network logins)
-p Preserve environment
$LOGIN_TIMEOUT Seconds (default 60, 0 - disable)
logname
logname
Print the name of the current user
losetup
losetup [-rP] [-o OFS] {-f|LOOPDEV} FILE: associate loop devices
losetup -c LOOPDEV: reread file size losetup -d LOOPDEV:
disassociate losetup -a: show status losetup -f: show
next free loop device
-o OFS Start OFS bytes into FILE
-P Scan for partitions
-r Read-only
-f Show/use next free loop device
ls ls [-1AaCxdLHRFplinshrSXvctukZ] [-w WIDTH] [FILE]...
List directory contents
-1 One column output
-a Include names starting with .
-A Like -a, but exclude . and ..
-x List by lines
-d List directory names, not contents
-L Follow symlinks
-H Follow symlinks on command line
-R Recurse
-p Append / to directory names
-F Append indicator (one of */=@|) to names
-l Long format
-i List inode numbers
-n List numeric UIDs and GIDs instead of names
-s List allocated blocks
-lc List ctime
-lu List atime
--full-time List full date/time
-h Human readable sizes (1K 243M 2G)
--group-directories-first
-S Sort by size
-X Sort by extension
-v Sort by version
-t Sort by mtime
-tc Sort by ctime
-tu Sort by atime
-r Reverse sort order
-Z List security context and permission
-w N Format N columns wide
lsattr
lsattr [-Radlpv] [FILE]...
List ext2 file attributes
-R Recurse
-a Include names starting with .
-d List directory names, not contents
-l List long flag names
-p List project ID
-v List version/generation number
lsmod
lsmod
List loaded kernel modules
lsof
lsof
Show all open files
lspci
lspci [-mk]
List all PCI devices
-m Parsable output
-k Show driver
lzcat
lzcat [FILE]...
Decompress to stdout
lzma
lzma -d [-cfk] [FILE]...
Decompress FILEs (or stdin)
-d Decompress
-c Write to stdout
-f Force
-k Keep input files
-t Test integrity
lzop
lzop [-cfUvd123456789CF] [FILE]...
-1..9 Compression level
-d Decompress
-c Write to stdout
-f Force
-U Delete input files
-v Verbose
-F Don't store or verify checksum
-C Also write checksum of compressed block
man man [-aw] [SECTION] MANPAGE[.SECTION]...
Display manual page
-a Display all pages
-w Show page locations
$COLUMNS overrides output width
matchpathcon
matchpathcon [-n] [-N] [-f file_contexts_file] [-p prefix] [-V]
-n Don't display path
-N Don't use translations
-f Use alternate file_context file
-p Use prefix to speed translations
-V Verify file context on disk matches defaults
md5sum
md5sum [-c[sw]] [FILE]...
Print or check MD5 checksums
-c Check sums against list in FILEs
-s Don't output anything, status code shows success
-w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines
mdev
mdev [-vS] [-s]
-v Verbose
-S Log to syslog too
-s Scan /sys and populate /dev
Bare mdev is a kernel hotplug helper. To activate it: echo
/sbin/mdev >/proc/sys/kernel/hotplug
It uses /etc/mdev.conf with lines [-][ENV=regex;]...DEVNAME
UID:GID PERM [>|=PATH]|[!] where DEVNAME is device name regex,
@major,minor[-minor2], or environment variable regex. A common use
of the latter is to load modules for hotplugged devices:
$MODALIAS=.* 0:0 660 @modprobe "$MODALIAS"
If /dev/mdev.seq file exists, mdev will wait for its value to match
$SEQNUM variable. This prevents plug/unplug races. To activate
this feature, create empty /dev/mdev.seq at boot.
If /dev/mdev.log file exists, debug log will be appended to it.
mesg
mesg [y|n]
Control write access to your terminal y Allow write access
to your terminal n Disallow write access to your terminal
mkdir
mkdir [-m MODE] [-p] DIRECTORY...
Create DIRECTORY
-m MODE Mode
-p No error if exists; make parent directories as needed
-Z Set security context
mkdosfs
mkdosfs [-v] [-n LABEL] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES]
Make a FAT32 filesystem
-v Verbose
-n LBL Volume label
mke2fs
mke2fs [-Fn] [-b BLK_SIZE] [-i INODE_RATIO] [-I INODE_SIZE] [-m
RESERVED_PERCENT] [-L LABEL] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES]
-b BLK_SIZE Block size, bytes
-F Force
-i RATIO Max number of files is filesystem_size / RATIO
-I BYTES Inode size (min 128)
-L LBL Volume label
-m PERCENT Percent of blocks to reserve for admin
-n Dry run
mkfifo
mkfifo [-m MODE] [-Z] NAME
Create named pipe
-m MODE Mode (default a=rw)
-Z Set security context
mkfs.ext2
mkfs.ext2 [-Fn] [-b BLK_SIZE] [-i INODE_RATIO] [-I INODE_SIZE] [-m
RESERVED_PERCENT] [-L LABEL] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES]
-b BLK_SIZE Block size, bytes
-F Force
-i RATIO Max number of files is filesystem_size / RATIO
-I BYTES Inode size (min 128)
-L LBL Volume label
-m PERCENT Percent of blocks to reserve for admin
-n Dry run
mkfs.vfat
mkfs.vfat [-v] [-n LABEL] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES]
Make a FAT32 filesystem
-v Verbose
-n LBL Volume label
mknod
mknod [-m MODE] [-Z] NAME TYPE [MAJOR MINOR]
Create a special file (block, character, or pipe)
-m MODE Creation mode (default a=rw)
-Z Set security context
TYPE:
b Block device
c or u Character device
p Named pipe (MAJOR MINOR must be omitted)
mkpasswd
mkpasswd [-P FD] [-m TYPE] [-S SALT] [PASSWORD] [SALT]
Print crypt(3) hashed PASSWORD
-P N Read password from fd N
-m TYPE des,md5,sha256/512 (default sha512)
-S SALT
mkswap
mkswap [-L LBL] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES]
Prepare BLOCKDEV to be used as swap partition
-L LBL Label
mktemp
mktemp [-dt] [-p DIR] [TEMPLATE]
Create a temporary file with name based on TEMPLATE and print its
name. TEMPLATE must end with XXXXXX (e.g. [/dir/]nameXXXXXX).
Without TEMPLATE, -t tmp.XXXXXX is assumed.
-d Make directory, not file
-q Fail silently on errors
-t Prepend base directory name to TEMPLATE
-p DIR Use DIR as a base directory (implies -t)
-u Do not create anything; print a name
Base directory is: -p DIR, else $TMPDIR, else /tmp
modinfo
modinfo [-adlpn0] [-F keyword] MODULE
-a Shortcut for '-F author'
-d Shortcut for '-F description'
-l Shortcut for '-F license'
-p Shortcut for '-F parm'
-F keyword Keyword to look for
-0 NUL terminated output
modprobe
modprobe [-alrqvsDb] MODULE [SYMBOL=VALUE]...
-a Load multiple MODULEs
-l List (MODULE is a pattern)
-r Remove MODULE (stacks) or do autoclean
-q Quiet
-v Verbose
-s Log to syslog
-D Show dependencies
-b Apply blacklist to module names too
more
more [FILE]...
View FILE (or stdin) one screenful at a time
mount
mount [OPTIONS] [-o OPT] DEVICE NODE
Mount a filesystem. Filesystem autodetection requires /proc.
-a Mount all filesystems in fstab
-f Dry run
-v Verbose
-r Read-only mount
-t FSTYPE[,...] Filesystem type(s)
-T FILE Read FILE instead of /etc/fstab
-O OPT Mount only filesystems with option OPT (-a only)
-o OPT:
loop Ignored (loop devices are autodetected)
[a]sync Writes are [a]synchronous
[no]atime Disable/enable updates to inode access times
[no]diratime Disable/enable atime updates to directories
[no]relatime Disable/enable atime updates relative to modification time
[no]dev (Dis)allow use of special device files
[no]exec (Dis)allow use of executable files
[no]suid (Dis)allow set-user-id-root programs
[r]shared Convert [recursively] to a shared subtree
[r]slave Convert [recursively] to a slave subtree
[r]private Convert [recursively] to a private subtree
[un]bindable Make mount point [un]able to be bind mounted
[r]bind Bind a file or directory [recursively] to another location
move Relocate an existing mount point
remount Remount a mounted filesystem, changing flags
ro Same as -r
There are filesystem-specific -o flags.
mountpoint
mountpoint [-q] { [-dn] DIR | -x DEVICE }
Check if DIR is a mountpoint
-q Quiet
-d Print major:minor of the filesystem
-n Print device name of the filesystem
-x Print major:minor of DEVICE
mpstat
mpstat [-A] [-I SUM|CPU|ALL|SCPU] [-u] [-P num|ALL] [INTERVAL
[COUNT]]
Per-processor statistics
-A Same as -I ALL -u -P ALL
-I SUM|CPU|ALL|SCPU Report interrupt statistics
-P num|ALL Processor to monitor
-u Report CPU utilization
mv mv [-finT] SOURCE DEST or: mv [-fin] SOURCE... { -t DIRECTORY |
DIRECTORY }
Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move SOURCEs to DIRECTORY
-f Don't prompt before overwriting
-i Interactive, prompt before overwrite
-n Don't overwrite an existing file
-T Refuse to move if DEST is a directory
-t DIR Move all SOURCEs into DIR
nameif
nameif [-s] [-c FILE] [IFNAME SELECTOR]...
Rename network interface while it in the down state. The device
matched by SELECTOR is renamed to IFNAME. SELECTOR can be a
combination of:
driver=STRING
bus=STRING
phy_address=NUM
[mac=]XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX
-c FILE Configuration file (default: /etc/mactab)
-s Log to syslog
nbd-client
nbd-client { [-b BLKSIZE] [-N NAME] [-t SEC] [-p] HOST [PORT] | -d
} BLOCKDEV
Connect to HOST and provide network block device on BLOCKDEV
nc nc [OPTIONS] HOST PORT - connect nc [OPTIONS] -l -p PORT [HOST]
[PORT] - listen
-e PROG Run PROG after connect (must be last)
-l Listen mode, for inbound connects
-lk With -e, provides persistent server
-p PORT Local port
-s ADDR Local address
-w SEC Timeout for connects and final net reads
-i SEC Delay interval for lines sent
-n Don't do DNS resolution
-u UDP mode
-b Allow broadcasts
-v Verbose
-o FILE Hex dump traffic
-z Zero-I/O mode (scanning)
netstat
netstat [-ral] [-tuwx] [-enWp]
Display networking information
-r Routing table
-a All sockets
-l Listening sockets
Else: connected sockets
-t TCP sockets
-u UDP sockets
-w Raw sockets
-x Unix sockets
Else: all socket types
-e Other/more information
-n Don't resolve names
-W Wide display
-p Show PID/program name for sockets
nice
nice [-n ADJUST] [PROG ARGS]
Change scheduling priority, run PROG
-n ADJUST Adjust priority by ADJUST
nl nl [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
Write FILEs to standard output with line numbers added
-b STYLE Which lines to number - a: all, t: nonempty, n: none
-i N Line number increment
-s STRING Use STRING as line number separator
-v N Start from N
-w N Width of line numbers
nmeter
nmeter [-d MSEC] FORMAT_STRING
Monitor system in real time
-d MSEC Milliseconds between updates, default:1000, none:-1
Format specifiers:
%Nc or %[cN] CPU. N - bar size (default 10)
(displays: S:system U:user N:niced D:iowait I:irq i:softirq)
%[nINTERFACE] Network INTERFACE
%m Allocated memory
%[mf] Free memory
%[mt] Total memory
%s Allocated swap
%f Number of used file descriptors
%Ni Total/specific IRQ rate
%x Context switch rate
%p Forks
%[pn] # of processes
%b Block io
%Nt Time (with N decimal points)
%NT Zero-based timestamp (with N decimal points)
%r Print <cr> instead of <lf> at EOL
nohup
nohup PROG ARGS
Run PROG immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty
nologin
nologin
Politely refuse a login
nproc
nproc [--all] [--ignore=N]
Print number of available CPUs
--all Number of installed CPUs
--ignore=N Exclude N CPUs
nsenter
nsenter [OPTIONS] [PROG ARGS]
-t PID Target process to get namespaces from
-m[FILE] Enter mount namespace
-u[FILE] Enter UTS namespace (hostname etc)
-i[FILE] Enter System V IPC namespace
-n[FILE] Enter network namespace
-p[FILE] Enter pid namespace
-U[FILE] Enter user namespace
-S UID Set uid in entered namespace
-G GID Set gid in entered namespace
--preserve-credentials Don't touch uids or gids
-r[DIR] Set root directory
-w[DIR] Set working directory
-F Don't fork before exec'ing PROG
nslookup
nslookup HOST [DNS_SERVER]
Query DNS about HOST
od od [-abcdfhilovxs] [-t TYPE] [-A RADIX] [-N SIZE] [-j SKIP] [-S
MINSTR] [-w WIDTH] [FILE]...
Print FILEs (or stdin) unambiguously, as octal bytes by default
openvt
openvt [-c N] [-sw] [PROG ARGS]
Start PROG on a new virtual terminal
-c N Use specified VT
-s Switch to the VT
-w Wait for PROG to exit
passwd
passwd [-a ALG] [-dlu] [USER]
Change USER's password (default: current user)
-a ALG des,md5,sha256/512 (default sha512)
-d Set password to ''
-l Lock (disable) account
-u Unlock (enable) account
paste
paste [-d LIST] [-s] [FILE]...
Paste lines from each input file, separated with tab
-d LIST Use delimiters from LIST, not tab
-s Serial: one file at a time
patch
patch [-RNE] [-p N] [-i DIFF] [ORIGFILE [PATCHFILE]]
-p N Strip N leading components from file names
-i DIFF Read DIFF instead of stdin
-R Reverse patch
-N Ignore already applied patches
-E Remove output files if they become empty
--dry-run Don't actually change files
pgrep
pgrep [-flanovx] [-s SID|-P PPID|PATTERN]
Display process(es) selected by regex PATTERN
-l Show command name too
-a Show command line too
-f Match against entire command line
-n Show the newest process only
-o Show the oldest process only
-v Negate the match
-x Match whole name (not substring)
-s Match session ID (0 for current)
-P Match parent process ID
pidof
pidof [-s] [-o PID] [NAME]...
List PIDs of all processes with names that match NAMEs
-s Show only one PID
-o PID Omit given pid
Use %PPID to omit pid of pidof's parent
ping
ping [OPTIONS] HOST
Send ICMP ECHO_REQUESTs to HOST
-4,-6 Force IP or IPv6 name resolution
-c CNT Send only CNT pings
-s SIZE Send SIZE data bytes in packets (default 56)
-i SECS Interval
-A Ping as soon as reply is recevied
-t TTL Set TTL
-I IFACE/IP Source interface or IP address
-W SEC Seconds to wait for the first response (default 10)
(after all -c CNT packets are sent)
-w SEC Seconds until ping exits (default:infinite)
(can exit earlier with -c CNT)
-q Quiet, only display output at start/finish
-p HEXBYTE Payload pattern
ping6
ping6 [OPTIONS] HOST
Send ICMP ECHO_REQUESTs to HOST
-c CNT Send only CNT pings
-s SIZE Send SIZE data bytes in packets (default 56)
-i SECS Interval
-A Ping as soon as reply is recevied
-I IFACE/IP Source interface or IP address
-W SEC Seconds to wait for the first response (default 10)
(after all -c CNT packets are sent)
-w SEC Seconds until ping exits (default:infinite)
(can exit earlier with -c CNT)
-q Quiet, only display output at start/finish
-p HEXBYTE Payload pattern
pkill
pkill [-l|-SIGNAL] [-xfvno] [-s SID|-P PPID|PATTERN]
Send signal to processes selected by regex PATTERN
-l List all signals
-x Match whole name (not substring)
-f Match against entire command line
-s SID Match session ID (0 for current)
-P PPID Match parent process ID
-v Negate the match
-n Signal the newest process only
-o Signal the oldest process only
pmap
pmap [-xq] PID...
Display process memory usage
-x Show details
-q Quiet
printenv
printenv [VARIABLE]...
Print environment VARIABLEs. If no VARIABLE specified, print all.
printf
printf FORMAT [ARG]...
Format and print ARG(s) according to FORMAT (a-la C printf)
ps ps [-o COL1,COL2=HEADER] [-T]
Show list of processes
-o COL1,COL2=HEADER Select columns for display
-T Show threads
pscan
pscan [-cb] [-p MIN_PORT] [-P MAX_PORT] [-t TIMEOUT] [-T MIN_RTT]
HOST
Scan HOST, print all open ports
-c Show closed ports too
-b Show blocked ports too
-p PORT Scan from this port (default 1)
-P PORT Scan up to this port (default 1024)
-t MS Timeout (default 5000 ms)
-T MS Minimum rtt (default 5 ms)
pstree
pstree [-p] [PID|USER]
Display process tree, optionally start from USER or PID
-p Show pids
pwd pwd
Print the full filename of the current working directory
pwdx
pwdx PID...
Show current directory for PIDs
readlink
readlink [-fnv] FILE
Display the value of a symlink
-f Canonicalize by following all symlinks
-n Don't add newline
-v Verbose
realpath
realpath FILE...
Print absolute pathnames of FILEs
renice
renice [-n] PRIORITY [[-p|g|u] ID...]...
Change scheduling priority of a running process
-n Add PRIORITY to current nice value
Without -n, nice value is set to PRIORITY
-p Process ids (default)
-g Process group ids
-u Process user names
reset
reset
Reset the screen
resize
resize
Resize the screen
restorecon
restorecon [-iFnRv] [-e EXCLUDEDIR]... [-o FILE] [-f FILE]
Reset security contexts of files in pathname
-i Ignore files that don't exist
-f FILE File with list of files to process
-e DIR Directory to exclude
-R,-r Recurse
-n Don't change any file labels
-o FILE Save list of files with incorrect context
-v Verbose
-vv Show changed labels
-F Force reset of context to match file_context
for customizable files, or the user section,
if it has changed
rev rev [FILE]...
Reverse lines of FILE
rm rm [-irf] FILE...
Remove (unlink) FILEs
-i Always prompt before removing
-f Never prompt
-R,-r Recurse
rmdir
rmdir [-p] DIRECTORY...
Remove DIRECTORY if it is empty
-p Include parents
--ignore-fail-on-non-empty
rmmod
rmmod [-wfa] [MODULE]...
Unload kernel modules
-w Wait until the module is no longer used
-f Force unload
-a Remove all unused modules (recursively)
route
route [-ne] [-A inet[6]] [{add|del} [-net|-host] TARGET [netmask
MASK] [gw GATEWAY] [metric N] [mss BYTES] [window BYTES]
[reject] [IFACE]]
Show or edit kernel routing tables
-n Don't resolve names
-e Display other/more information
-A inet[6] Select address family
runcon
runcon [-c] [-u USER] [-r ROLE] [-t TYPE] [-l RANGE] PROG ARGS
runcon CONTEXT PROG ARGS
Run PROG in a different security context
CONTEXT Complete security context
-c Compute process transition context before modifying
-t TYPE Type (for same role as parent)
-u USER User identity
-r ROLE Role
-l RNG Levelrange
script
script [-afq] [-t[FILE]] [-c PROG] [OUTFILE]
Default OUTFILE is 'typescript'
-a Append output
-c PROG Run PROG, not shell
-q Quiet
-t[FILE] Send timing to stderr or FILE
scriptreplay
scriptreplay TIMINGFILE [TYPESCRIPT [DIVISOR]]
Play back typescripts, using timing information
sed sed [-i[SFX]] [-nrE] [-f FILE]... [-e CMD]... [FILE]... or: sed
[-i[SFX]] [-nrE] CMD [FILE]...
-e CMD Add CMD to sed commands to be executed
-f FILE Add FILE contents to sed commands to be executed
-i[SFX] Edit files in-place (otherwise write to stdout)
Optionally back files up, appending SFX
-n Suppress automatic printing of pattern space
-r,-E Use extended regex syntax
If no -e or -f, the first non-option argument is the sed command
string. Remaining arguments are input files (stdin if none).
sendmail
sendmail [-tv] [-f SENDER] [-amLOGIN 4<user_pass.txt | -auUSER
-apPASS] [-w SECS] [-H 'PROG ARGS' | -S HOST]
[RECIPIENT_EMAIL]...
Read email from stdin and send it
Standard options:
-t Read additional recipients from message body
-f SENDER For use in MAIL FROM:<sender>. Can be empty string
Default: -auUSER, or username of current UID
-o OPTIONS Various options. -oi implied, others are ignored
-i -oi synonym, implied and ignored
Busybox specific options:
-v Verbose
-w SECS Network timeout
-H 'PROG ARGS' Run connection helper. Examples:
openssl s_client -quiet -tls1 -starttls smtp -connect smtp.gmail.com:25
openssl s_client -quiet -tls1 -connect smtp.gmail.com:465
$SMTP_ANTISPAM_DELAY: seconds to wait after helper connect
-S HOST[:PORT] Server (default $SMTPHOST or 127.0.0.1)
-amLOGIN Log in using AUTH LOGIN
-amPLAIN or AUTH PLAIN
(-amCRAM-MD5 not supported)
-auUSER Username for AUTH
-apPASS Password for AUTH
If no -a options are given, authentication is not done. If
-amLOGIN is given but no -au/-ap, user/password is read from fd #4.
Other options are silently ignored; -oi is implied.
seq seq [-w] [-s SEP] [FIRST [INC]] LAST
Print numbers from FIRST to LAST, in steps of INC. FIRST, INC
default to 1.
-w Pad to last with leading zeros
-s SEP String separator
sestatus
sestatus [-vb]
-v Verbose
-b Display current state of booleans
setarch
setarch PERSONALITY [-R] PROG ARGS
PERSONALITY may be:
linux32 Set 32bit uname emulation
linux64 Set 64bit uname emulation
-R Disable address space randomization
setconsole
setconsole [-r] [DEVICE]
Make writes to /dev/console appear on DEVICE (default: /dev/tty).
Does not redirect kernel log output or reads from /dev/console.
-r Reset: writes to /dev/console go to kernel log tty(s)
setenforce
setenforce [Enforcing | Permissive | 1 | 0]
setfattr
setfattr [-h] -n|-x ATTR [-v VALUE] FILE...
Set extended attributes
-h Do not follow symlinks
-x ATTR Remove attribute ATTR
-n ATTR Set attribute ATTR to VALUE
-v VALUE (default: empty)
setfiles
setfiles [-dnpqsvW] [-e DIR]... [-o FILE] [-r alt_root_path] [-c
policyfile] spec_file pathname
Reset file contexts under pathname according to spec_file
-c FILE Check the validity of the contexts against the specified binary policy
-d Show which specification matched each file
-l Log changes in file labels to syslog
-n Don't change any file labels
-q Suppress warnings
-r DIR Use an alternate root path
-e DIR Exclude DIR
-F Force reset of context to match file_context for customizable files
-o FILE Save list of files with incorrect context
-s Take a list of files from stdin (instead of command line)
-v Show changes in file labels, if type or role are changing
-vv Show changes in file labels, if type, role, or user are changing
-W Display warnings about entries that had no matching files
setfont
setfont [-m MAPFILE] [-C TTY] FILE
Load a console font
-m MAPFILE Load console screen map
-C TTY Affect TTY instead of /dev/tty
setkeycodes
setkeycodes { SCANCODE KEYCODE }...
Modify kernel's scancode-to-keycode map, allowing unusual keyboards
to generate usable keycodes.
SCANCODE is either xx or e0xx (hexadecimal), KEYCODE is decimal.
setlogcons
setlogcons [N]
Pin kernel output to VT console N. Default:0 (do not pin)
setpriv
setpriv [OPTIONS] PROG ARGS
Run PROG with different privilege settings
-d,--dump Show current capabilities
--nnp,--no-new-privs Ignore setuid/setgid bits and file
capabilities --inh-caps CAP,CAP Set inheritable capabilities
--ambient-caps CAP,CAP Set ambient capabilities
setsebool
setsebool boolean value
Change boolean setting
setsid
setsid [-c] PROG ARGS
Run PROG in a new session. PROG will have no controlling terminal
and will not be affected by keyboard signals (^C etc).
-c Set controlling terminal to stdin
sh sh [-il] [-|+Cabefmnuvx] [-|+o OPT]... [-c 'SCRIPT' [ARG0 ARGS] |
FILE ARGS | -s ARGS]
Unix shell interpreter
sha1sum
sha1sum [-c[sw]] [FILE]...
Print or check SHA1 checksums
-c Check sums against list in FILEs
-s Don't output anything, status code shows success
-w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines
sha256sum
sha256sum [-c[sw]] [FILE]...
Print or check SHA256 checksums
-c Check sums against list in FILEs
-s Don't output anything, status code shows success
-w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines
sha3sum
sha3sum [-c[sw]] [-a BITS] [FILE]...
Print or check SHA3 checksums
-c Check sums against list in FILEs
-s Don't output anything, status code shows success
-w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines
-a BITS 224 (default), 256, 384, 512
sha512sum
sha512sum [-c[sw]] [FILE]...
Print or check SHA512 checksums
-c Check sums against list in FILEs
-s Don't output anything, status code shows success
-w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines
showkey
showkey [-a | -k | -s]
Show keys pressed
-a Display decimal/octal/hex values of the keys
-k Display interpreted keycodes (default)
-s Display raw scan-codes
shred
shred [-fuz] [-n N] [-s SIZE] FILE...
Overwrite/delete FILEs
-f Chmod to ensure writability
-s SIZE Size to write
-n N Overwrite N times (default 3)
-z Final overwrite with zeros
-u Remove file
shuf
shuf [-n NUM] [-o FILE] [-z] [FILE | -e [ARG...] | -i L-H]
Randomly permute lines
-n NUM Output at most NUM lines
-o FILE Write to FILE, not standard output
-z NUL terminated output
-e Treat ARGs as lines
-i L-H Treat numbers L-H as lines
slattach
slattach [-ehmLF] [-c SCRIPT] [-s BAUD] [-p PROTOCOL] SERIAL_DEVICE
Configure serial line as SLIP network interface
-p PROT Protocol: slip, cslip (default), slip6, clisp6, adaptive
-s BAUD Line speed
-e Exit after initialization
-h Exit if carrier is lost (else never exits)
-c PROG Run PROG on carrier loss
-m Do NOT set raw 8bit mode
-L Enable 3-wire operation
-F Disable RTS/CTS flow control
sleep
sleep N
Pause for N seconds
smemcap
smemcap >SMEMDATA.TAR
Collect memory usage data in /proc and write it to stdout
sort
sort [-nrugMcszbdfiokt] [-o FILE] [-k
START[.OFS][OPTS][,END[.OFS][OPTS]] [-t CHAR] [FILE]...
Sort lines of text
-o FILE Output to FILE
-c Check whether input is sorted
-b Ignore leading blanks
-f Ignore case
-i Ignore unprintable characters
-d Dictionary order (blank or alphanumeric only)
-n Sort numbers
-g General numerical sort
-M Sort month
-V Sort version
-t CHAR Field separator
-k N[,M] Sort by Nth field
-r Reverse sort order
-s Stable (don't sort ties alphabetically)
-u Suppress duplicate lines
-z NUL terminated input and output
split
split [OPTIONS] [INPUT [PREFIX]]
-b N[k|m] Split by N (kilo|mega)bytes
-l N Split by N lines
-a N Use N letters as suffix
ssl_client
ssl_client [-e] -s FD [-r FD] [-n SNI]
stat
stat [-ltf] [-c FMT] FILE...
Display file (default) or filesystem status
-c FMT Use the specified format
-f Display filesystem status
-L Follow links
-t Terse display
-Z Print security context
FMT sequences for files:
%a Access rights in octal
%A Access rights in human readable form
%b Number of blocks allocated (see %B)
%B Size in bytes of each block reported by %b
%d Device number in decimal
%D Device number in hex
%f Raw mode in hex
%F File type
%g Group ID
%G Group name
%h Number of hard links
%i Inode number
%n File name
%N File name, with -> TARGET if symlink
%o I/O block size
%s Total size in bytes
%t Major device type in hex
%T Minor device type in hex
%u User ID
%U User name
%x Time of last access
%X Time of last access as seconds since Epoch
%y Time of last modification
%Y Time of last modification as seconds since Epoch
%z Time of last change
%Z Time of last change as seconds since Epoch
FMT sequences for file systems:
%a Free blocks available to non-superuser
%b Total data blocks
%c Total file nodes
%d Free file nodes
%f Free blocks
%C Security context in selinux
%i File System ID in hex
%l Maximum length of filenames
%n File name
%s Block size (for faster transfer)
%S Fundamental block size (for block counts)
%t Type in hex
%T Type in human readable form
strings
strings [-fo] [-t o|d|x] [-n LEN] [FILE]...
Display printable strings in a binary file
-f Precede strings with filenames
-o Precede strings with octal offsets
-t o|d|x Precede strings with offsets in base 8/10/16
-n LEN At least LEN characters form a string (default 4)
stty
stty [-a|g] [-F DEVICE] [SETTING]...
Without arguments, prints baud rate, line discipline, and
deviations from stty sane
-F DEVICE Open device instead of stdin
-a Print all current settings in human-readable form
-g Print in stty-readable form
[SETTING] See manpage
su su [-lmp] [-s SH] [-] [USER [FILE ARGS | -c 'CMD' [ARG0 ARGS]]]
Run shell under USER (by default, root)
-,-l Clear environment, go to home dir, run shell as login shell
-p,-m Do not set new $HOME, $SHELL, $USER, $LOGNAME
-c CMD Command to pass to 'sh -c'
-s SH Shell to use instead of user's default
sulogin
sulogin [-t N] [TTY]
Single user login
-t N Timeout
sum sum [-rs] [FILE]...
Checksum and count the blocks in a file
-r Use BSD sum algorithm (1K blocks)
-s Use System V sum algorithm (512byte blocks)
switch_root
switch_root [-c CONSOLE_DEV] NEW_ROOT NEW_INIT [ARGS]
Free initramfs and switch to another root fs:
chroot to NEW_ROOT, delete all in /, move NEW_ROOT to /, execute
NEW_INIT. PID must be 1. NEW_ROOT must be a mountpoint.
-c DEV Reopen stdio to DEV after switch
sync
sync [-df] [FILE]...
Write all buffered blocks (in FILEs) to disk -d Avoid
syncing metadata -f Sync filesystems underlying FILEs
sysctl
sysctl [-enq] { -a | -p [FILE]... | [-w] [KEY[=VALUE]]... }
Show/set kernel parameters
-e Don't warn about unknown keys
-n Don't show key names
-q Quiet
-a Show all values
-p Set values from FILEs (default /etc/sysctl.conf)
-w Set values
syslogd
syslogd [OPTIONS]
System logging utility
-n Run in foreground
-R HOST[:PORT] Log to HOST:PORT (default PORT:514)
-L Log locally and via network (default is network only if -R)
-C[size_kb] Log to shared mem buffer (use logread to read it)
-K Log to kernel printk buffer (use dmesg to read it)
-O FILE Log to FILE (default: /var/log/messages, stdout if -)
-s SIZE Max size (KB) before rotation (default 200KB, 0=off)
-b N N rotated logs to keep (default 1, max 99, 0=purge)
-l N Log only messages more urgent than prio N (1-8)
-S Smaller output
-t Strip client-generated timestamps
-D Drop duplicates
-f FILE Use FILE as config (default:/etc/syslog.conf)
tac tac [FILE]...
Concatenate FILEs and print them in reverse
tail
tail [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
Print last 10 lines of FILEs (or stdin) to. With more than one
FILE, precede each with a filename header.
-c [+]N[bkm] Print last N bytes
-n N[bkm] Print last N lines
-n +N[bkm] Start on Nth line and print the rest
(b:*512 k:*1024 m:*1024^2)
-f Print data as file grows
tar tar c|x|t [-ZzJjahmvokO] [-f TARFILE] [-C DIR] [-T FILE] [-X FILE]
[LONGOPT]... [FILE]...
Create, extract, or list files from a tar file
c Create
x Extract
t List
-f FILE Name of TARFILE ('-' for stdin/out)
-C DIR Change to DIR before operation
-v Verbose
-O Extract to stdout
-m Don't restore mtime
-o Don't restore user:group
-k Don't replace existing files
-Z (De)compress using compress
-z (De)compress using gzip
-J (De)compress using xz
-j (De)compress using bzip2
--lzma (De)compress using lzma
-a (De)compress based on extension
-h Follow symlinks
-T FILE File with names to include
-X FILE File with glob patterns to exclude
--exclude PATTERN Glob pattern to exclude
--overwrite Replace existing files
--strip-components NUM NUM of leading components to strip
--no-recursion Don't descend in directories
--numeric-owner Use numeric user:group
--no-same-permissions Don't restore access permissions
--to-command COMMAND Pipe files to COMMAND
tc tc OBJECT CMD [dev STRING]
OBJECT: qdisc|class|filter CMD: add|del|change|replace|show
qdisc [handle QHANDLE] [root|ingress|parent CLASSID]
[[QDISC_KIND] [help|OPTIONS]] QDISC_KIND :=
[p|b]fifo|tbf|prio|cbq|red|etc. qdisc show [dev STRING] [ingress]
class [classid CLASSID] [root|parent CLASSID] [[QDISC_KIND]
[help|OPTIONS] ] class show [ dev STRING ] [root|parent CLASSID]
filter [pref PRIO] [protocol PROTO] [root|classid CLASSID]
[handle FILTERID] [[FILTER_TYPE] [help|OPTIONS]] filter show
[dev STRING] [root|parent CLASSID]
tee tee [-ai] [FILE]...
Copy stdin to each FILE, and also to stdout
-a Append to the given FILEs, don't overwrite
-i Ignore interrupt signals (SIGINT)
telnet
telnet [-a] [-l USER] HOST [PORT]
Connect to telnet server
-a Automatic login with $USER variable
-l USER Automatic login as USER
tftp
tftp [OPTIONS] HOST [PORT]
Transfer a file from/to tftp server
-l FILE Local FILE
-r FILE Remote FILE
-g Get file
-p Put file
-b SIZE Transfer blocks in bytes
time
time [-vpa] [-o FILE] PROG ARGS
Run PROG, display resource usage when it exits
-v Verbose
-p POSIX output format
-f FMT Custom format
-o FILE Write result to FILE
-a Append (else overwrite)
timeout
timeout [-s SIG] [-k KILL_SECS] SECS PROG ARGS
Run PROG. Send SIG to it if it is not gone in SECS seconds.
Default SIG: TERM.If it still exists in KILL_SECS seconds, send
KILL.
top top [-bmH] [-n COUNT] [-d SECONDS]
Show a view of process activity in real time. Read the status of
all processes from /proc each SECONDS and show a screenful of them.
Keys:
N/M/P/T: show CPU usage, sort by pid/mem/cpu/time
S: show memory
R: reverse sort
H: toggle threads, 1: toggle SMP
Q,^C: exit
Options:
-b Batch mode
-n N Exit after N iterations
-d SEC Delay between updates
-m Same as 's' key
-H Show threads
touch
touch [-cham] [-d DATE] [-t DATE] [-r FILE] FILE...
Update mtime of FILEs
-c Don't create files
-h Don't follow links
-a Change only atime
-m Change only mtime
-d DT Date/time to use
-t DT Date/time to use
-r FILE Use FILE's date/time
tr tr [-cds] STRING1 [STRING2]
Translate, squeeze, or delete characters from stdin, writing to
stdout
-c Take complement of STRING1
-d Delete input characters coded STRING1
-s Squeeze multiple output characters of STRING2 into one character
traceroute
traceroute [-46IFlnrv] [-f 1ST_TTL] [-m MAXTTL] [-q PROBES] [-p
PORT] [-t TOS] [-w WAIT_SEC] [-s SRC_IP] [-i IFACE] [-z
PAUSE_MSEC] HOST [BYTES]
Trace the route to HOST
-4,-6 Force IP or IPv6 name resolution
-F Set don't fragment bit
-I Use ICMP ECHO instead of UDP datagrams
-l Display TTL value of the returned packet
-n Print numeric addresses
-r Bypass routing tables, send directly to HOST
-v Verbose
-f N First number of hops (default 1)
-m N Max number of hops
-q N Number of probes per hop (default 3)
-p N Base UDP port number used in probes
(default 33434)
-s IP Source address
-i IFACE Source interface
-t N Type-of-service in probe packets (default 0)
-w SEC Wait for a response (default 3)
-z MSEC Wait before each send
traceroute6
traceroute6 [-Inrv] [-f 1ST_TTL] [-m MAXTTL] [-q PROBES] [-p PORT]
[-t TOS] [-w WAIT_SEC] [-s SRC_IP] [-i IFACE] [-z
PAUSE_MSEC] HOST [BYTES]
Trace the route to HOST
-I Use ICMP ECHO instead of UDP datagrams
-n Print numeric addresses
-r Bypass routing tables, send directly to HOST
-v Verbose
-f N First number of hops (default 1)
-m N Max number of hops
-q N Number of probes per hop (default 3)
-p N Base UDP port number used in probes
(default 33434)
-s IP Source address
-i IFACE Source interface
-t N Type-of-service in probe packets (default 0)
-w SEC Wait for a response (default 3)
-z MSEC Wait before each send
truncate
truncate [-c] -s SIZE FILE...
Truncate FILEs to SIZE
-c Do not create files
-s SIZE
tty tty [-s]
Print file name of stdin's terminal
-s Print nothing, only return exit status
ttysize
ttysize [w] [h]
Print dimensions of stdin tty, or 80x24
tunctl
tunctl [-f DEVICE] [-t NAME | -d NAME] [-u USER] [-g GRP] [-b]
Create or delete TUN/TAP interfaces
-f DEV TUN device (default /dev/net/tun)
-t NAME Create iface (default: tapN)
-d NAME Delete iface
-u USER Set iface owner
-g GRP Set iface group
-b Brief output
udhcpc
udhcpc [-fbqRB] [-t N] [-T SEC] [-A SEC|-n] [-i IFACE] [-s
PROG] [-p PIDFILE] [-oC] [-r IP] [-V VENDOR] [-F NAME] [-x
OPT:VAL]... [-O OPT]...
-i IFACE Interface to use (default )
-s PROG Run PROG at DHCP events (default )
-p FILE Create pidfile
-B Request broadcast replies
-t N Send up to N discover packets (default 3)
-T SEC Pause between packets (default 3)
-A SEC Wait if lease is not obtained (default 20)
-b Background if lease is not obtained
-n Exit if lease is not obtained
-q Exit after obtaining lease
-R Release IP on exit
-f Run in foreground
-S Log to syslog too
-r IP Request this IP address
-o Don't request any options (unless -O is given)
-O OPT Request option OPT from server (cumulative)
-x OPT:VAL Include option OPT in sent packets (cumulative)
Examples of string, numeric, and hex byte opts:
-x hostname:bbox - option 12
-x lease:3600 - option 51 (lease time)
-x 0x3d:0100BEEFC0FFEE - option 61 (client id)
-x 14:'"dumpfile"' - option 14 (shell-quoted)
-F NAME Ask server to update DNS mapping for NAME
-V VENDOR Vendor identifier (default 'udhcp VERSION')
-C Don't send MAC as client identifier
Signals:
USR1 Renew lease
USR2 Release lease
uevent
uevent [PROG ARGS]
uevent runs PROG for every netlink notification. PROG's
environment contains data passed from the kernel. Typical usage
(daemon for dynamic device node creation): # uevent mdev &
mdev -s
umount
umount [-rlfda] [-t FSTYPE] FILESYSTEM|DIRECTORY
Unmount filesystems
-a Unmount all filesystems
-r Remount devices read-only if mount is busy
-l Lazy umount (detach filesystem)
-f Force umount (i.e., unreachable NFS server)
-d Free loop device if it has been used
-t FSTYPE[,...] Unmount only these filesystem type(s)
uname
uname [-amnrspvio]
Print system information
-a Print all
-m Machine (hardware) type
-n Hostname
-r Kernel release
-s Kernel name (default)
-p Processor type
-v Kernel version
-i Hardware platform
-o OS name
uncompress
uncompress [-cf] [FILE]...
Decompress FILEs (or stdin)
-c Write to stdout
-f Overwrite
unexpand
unexpand [-fa][-t N] [FILE]...
Convert spaces to tabs, writing to stdout
-a Convert all blanks
-f Convert only leading blanks
-t N Tabstops every N chars
uniq
uniq [-cduiz] [-f,s,w N] [FILE [OUTFILE]]
Discard duplicate lines
-c Prefix lines by the number of occurrences
-d Only print duplicate lines
-u Only print unique lines
-i Ignore case
-z NUL terminated output
-f N Skip first N fields
-s N Skip first N chars (after any skipped fields)
-w N Compare N characters in line
unix2dos
unix2dos [-ud] [FILE]
Convert FILE in-place from Unix to DOS format. When no file is
given, use stdin/stdout.
-u dos2unix
-d unix2dos
unlink
unlink FILE
Delete FILE by calling unlink()
unlzma
unlzma [-cfk] [FILE]...
Decompress FILEs (or stdin)
-c Write to stdout
-f Force
-k Keep input files
-t Test integrity
unshare
unshare [OPTIONS] [PROG ARGS]
-m,--mount[=FILE] Unshare mount namespace
-u,--uts[=FILE] Unshare UTS namespace (hostname etc.)
-i,--ipc[=FILE] Unshare System V IPC namespace
-n,--net[=FILE] Unshare network namespace
-p,--pid[=FILE] Unshare PID namespace
-U,--user[=FILE] Unshare user namespace
-f Fork before execing PROG
-r Map current user to root (implies -U)
--mount-proc[=DIR] Mount /proc filesystem first (implies -m)
--propagation slave|shared|private|unchanged
Modify mount propagation in mount namespace
--setgroups allow|deny Control the setgroups syscall in user namespaces
unxz
unxz [-cfk] [FILE]...
Decompress FILEs (or stdin)
-c Write to stdout
-f Force
-k Keep input files
-t Test integrity
unzip
unzip [-lnojpq] FILE[.zip] [FILE]... [-x FILE]... [-d DIR]
Extract FILEs from ZIP archive
-l List contents (with -q for short form)
-n Never overwrite files (default: ask)
-o Overwrite
-j Do not restore paths
-p Write to stdout
-t Test
-q Quiet
-x FILE Exclude FILEs
-d DIR Extract into DIR
uptime
uptime
Display the time since the last boot
users
users
Print the users currently logged on
usleep
usleep N
Pause for N microseconds
uudecode
uudecode [-o OUTFILE] [INFILE]
Uudecode a file Finds OUTFILE in uuencoded source unless -o is
given
uuencode
uuencode [-m] [FILE] STORED_FILENAME
Uuencode FILE (or stdin) to stdout
-m Use base64 encoding per RFC1521
vconfig
vconfig COMMAND [OPTIONS]
Create and remove virtual ethernet devices
add IFACE VLAN_ID
rem VLAN_NAME
set_flag IFACE 0|1 VLAN_QOS
set_egress_map VLAN_NAME SKB_PRIO VLAN_QOS
set_ingress_map VLAN_NAME SKB_PRIO VLAN_QOS
set_name_type NAME_TYPE
vi vi [-c CMD] [-R] [-H] [FILE]...
Edit FILE
-c CMD Initial command to run ($EXINIT and ~/.exrc also available)
-R Read-only
-H List available features
vlock
vlock [-a]
Lock a virtual terminal. A password is required to unlock.
-a Lock all VTs
w w
Show who is logged on
wall
wall [FILE]
Write content of FILE or stdin to all logged-in users
watch
watch [-n SEC] [-t] PROG ARGS
Run PROG periodically
-n SEC Period (default 2)
-t Don't print header
wc wc [-cmlwL] [FILE]...
Count lines, words, and bytes for FILEs (or stdin)
-c Count bytes
-m Count characters
-l Count newlines
-w Count words
-L Print longest line length
wget
wget [-cqS] [--spider] [-O FILE] [-o LOGFILE] [--header STR]
[--post-data STR | --post-file FILE] [-Y on/off]
[--no-check-certificate] [-P DIR] [-U AGENT] [-T SEC] URL...
Retrieve files via HTTP or FTP
--spider Only check URL existence: $? is 0 if exists
--header STR Add STR (of form 'header: value') to headers
--post-data STR Send STR using POST method
--post-file FILE Send FILE using POST method
--no-check-certificate Don't validate the server's certificate
-c Continue retrieval of aborted transfer
-q Quiet
-P DIR Save to DIR (default .)
-S Show server response
-T SEC Network read timeout is SEC seconds
-O FILE Save to FILE ('-' for stdout)
-o LOGFILE Log messages to FILE
-U STR Use STR for User-Agent header
-Y on/off Use proxy
which
which [-a] COMMAND...
Locate COMMAND
-a Show all matches
who who [-aH]
Show who is logged on
-a Show all
-H Print column headers
whoami
whoami
Print the user name associated with the current effective user id
whois
whois [-i] [-h SERVER] [-p PORT] NAME...
Query WHOIS info about NAME
-i Show redirect results too
-h,-p Server to query
xargs
xargs [OPTIONS] [PROG ARGS]
Run PROG on every item given by stdin
-0 NUL terminated input
-a FILE Read from FILE instead of stdin
-r Don't run command if input is empty
-t Print the command on stderr before execution
-p Ask user whether to run each command
-E STR,-e[STR] STR stops input processing
-I STR Replace STR within PROG ARGS with input line
-n N Pass no more than N args to PROG
-s N Pass command line of no more than N bytes
-P N Run up to N PROGs in parallel
-x Exit if size is exceeded
xxd xxd [-pri] [-g N] [-c N] [-n LEN] [-s OFS] [-o OFS] [FILE]
Hex dump FILE (or stdin)
-g N Bytes per group
-c N Bytes per line
-p Show only hex bytes, assumes -c30
-i C include file style
-l LENGTH Show only first LENGTH bytes
-s OFFSET Skip OFFSET bytes
-o OFFSET Add OFFSET to displayed offset
-r Reverse (with -p, assumes no offsets in input)
xz xz -d [-cfk] [FILE]...
Decompress FILEs (or stdin)
-d Decompress
-c Write to stdout
-f Force
-k Keep input files
-t Test integrity
xzcat
xzcat [FILE]...
Decompress to stdout
yes yes [STRING]
Repeatedly print a line with STRING, or 'y'
zcat
zcat [FILE]...
Decompress to stdout
zcip
zcip [OPTIONS] IFACE SCRIPT
Manage a ZeroConf IPv4 link-local address
-f Run in foreground
-q Quit after obtaining address
-r 169.254.x.x Request this address first
-l x.x.0.0 Use this range instead of 169.254
-v Verbose
$LOGGING=none Suppress logging $LOGGING=syslog Log to
syslog
With no -q, runs continuously monitoring for ARP conflicts, exits
only on I/O errors (link down etc)
LIBC NSS
GNU Libc (glibc) uses the Name Service Switch (NSS) to configure the
behavior of the C library for the local environment, and to configure
how it reads system data, such as passwords and group information.
This is implemented using an /etc/nsswitch.conf configuration file, and
using one or more of the /lib/libnss_* libraries. BusyBox tries to
avoid using any libc calls that make use of NSS. Some applets however,
such as login and su, will use libc functions that require NSS.
If you enable CONFIG_USE_BB_PWD_GRP, BusyBox will use internal
functions to directly access the /etc/passwd, /etc/group, and
/etc/shadow files without using NSS. This may allow you to run your
system without the need for installing any of the NSS configuration
files and libraries.
When used with glibc, the BusyBox 'networking' applets will similarly
require that you install at least some of the glibc NSS stuff (in
particular, /etc/nsswitch.conf, /lib/libnss_dns*, /lib/libnss_files*,
and /lib/libresolv*).
Shameless Plug: As an alternative, one could use a C library such as
uClibc. In addition to making your system significantly smaller,
uClibc does not require the use of any NSS support files or libraries.
MAINTAINER
Denis Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
AUTHORS
The following people have contributed code to BusyBox whether they know
it or not. If you have written code included in BusyBox, you should
probably be listed here so you can obtain your bit of eternal glory.
If you should be listed here, or the description of what you have done
needs more detail, or is incorrect, please send in an update.
Emanuele Aina <emanuele.aina@tiscali.it>
run-parts
Erik Andersen <andersen@codepoet.org>
Tons of new stuff, major rewrite of most of the
core apps, tons of new apps as noted in header files.
Lots of tedious effort writing these boring docs that
nobody is going to actually read.
Laurence Anderson <l.d.anderson@warwick.ac.uk>
rpm2cpio, unzip, get_header_cpio, read_gz interface, rpm
Jeff Angielski <jeff@theptrgroup.com>
ftpput, ftpget
Edward Betts <edward@debian.org>
expr, hostid, logname, whoami
John Beppu <beppu@codepoet.org>
du, nslookup, sort
Brian Candler <B.Candler@pobox.com>
tiny-ls(ls)
Randolph Chung <tausq@debian.org>
fbset, ping, hostname
Dave Cinege <dcinege@psychosis.com>
more(v2), makedevs, dutmp, modularization, auto links file,
various fixes, Linux Router Project maintenance
Jordan Crouse <jordan@cosmicpenguin.net>
ipcalc
Magnus Damm <damm@opensource.se>
tftp client insmod powerpc support
Larry Doolittle <ldoolitt@recycle.lbl.gov>
pristine source directory compilation, lots of patches and fixes.
Glenn Engel <glenne@engel.org>
httpd
Gennady Feldman <gfeldman@gena01.com>
Sysklogd (single threaded syslogd, IPC Circular buffer support,
logread), various fixes.
Karl M. Hegbloom <karlheg@debian.org>
cp_mv.c, the test suite, various fixes to utility.c, &c.
Daniel Jacobowitz <dan@debian.org>
mktemp.c
Matt Kraai <kraai@alumni.cmu.edu>
documentation, bugfixes, test suite
Stephan Linz <linz@li-pro.net>
ipcalc, Red Hat equivalence
John Lombardo <john@deltanet.com>
tr
Glenn McGrath <bug1@iinet.net.au>
Common unarchiving code and unarchiving applets, ifupdown, ftpgetput,
nameif, sed, patch, fold, install, uudecode.
Various bugfixes, review and apply numerous patches.
Manuel Novoa III <mjn3@codepoet.org>
cat, head, mkfifo, mknod, rmdir, sleep, tee, tty, uniq, usleep, wc, yes,
mesg, vconfig, make_directory, parse_mode, dirname, mode_string,
get_last_path_component, simplify_path, and a number trivial libbb routines
also bug fixes, partial rewrites, and size optimizations in
ash, basename, cal, cmp, cp, df, du, echo, env, ln, logname, md5sum, mkdir,
mv, realpath, rm, sort, tail, touch, uname, watch, arith, human_readable,
interface, dutmp, ifconfig, route
Vladimir Oleynik <dzo@simtreas.ru>
cmdedit; xargs(current), httpd(current);
ports: ash, crond, fdisk, inetd, stty, traceroute, top;
locale, various fixes
and irreconcilable critic of everything not perfect.
Bruce Perens <bruce@pixar.com>
Original author of BusyBox in 1995, 1996. Some of his code can
still be found hiding here and there...
Tim Riker <Tim@Rikers.org>
bug fixes, member of fan club
Kent Robotti <robotti@metconnect.com>
reset, tons and tons of bug reports and patches.
Chip Rosenthal <chip@unicom.com>, <crosenth@covad.com>
wget - Contributed by permission of Covad Communications
Pavel Roskin <proski@gnu.org>
Lots of bugs fixes and patches.
Gyepi Sam <gyepi@praxis-sw.com>
Remote logging feature for syslogd
Linus Torvalds <torvalds@transmeta.com>
mkswap, fsck.minix, mkfs.minix
Mark Whitley <markw@codepoet.org>
grep, sed, cut, xargs(previous),
style-guide, new-applet-HOWTO, bug fixes, etc.
Charles P. Wright <cpwright@villagenet.com>
gzip, mini-netcat(nc)
Enrique Zanardi <ezanardi@ull.es>
tarcat (since removed), loadkmap, various fixes, Debian maintenance
Tito Ragusa <farmatito@tiscali.it>
devfsd and size optimizations in strings, openvt and deallocvt.
Paul Fox <pgf@foxharp.boston.ma.us>
vi editing mode for ash, various other patches/fixes
Roberto A. Foglietta <me@roberto.foglietta.name>
port: dnsd
Bernhard Reutner-Fischer <rep.dot.nop@gmail.com>
misc
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
initial e2fsprogs, printenv, setarch, sum, misc
Jie Zhang <jie.zhang@analog.com>
fixed two bugs in msh and hush (exitcode of killed processes)
version 1.35.0 2023-08-29 BUSYBOX(1)
Want to link to this manual page? Use this URL:
<http://star2.abcm.com/cgi-bin/bsdi-man?query=busybox&sektion=1&manpath=>