x SuSE Linux 13.1-RELEASE x
x SuSE Linux 13.1-RELEASEx
color(3NCURSES) color(3NCURSES)
NAME
start_color, init_pair, init_color, has_colors, can_change_color,
color_content, pair_content, COLOR_PAIR - curses color manipulation
routines
SYNOPSIS
# include <ncurses/curses.h>
int start_color(void);
int init_pair(short pair, short f, short b);
int init_color(short color, short r, short g, short b);
bool has_colors(void);
bool can_change_color(void);
int color_content(short color, short *r, short *g, short *b);
int pair_content(short pair, short *f, short *b);
DESCRIPTION
Overview
curses support color attributes on terminals with that capability. To
use these routines start_color must be called, usually right after
initscr. Colors are always used in pairs (referred to as color-pairs).
A color-pair consists of a foreground color (for characters) and a
background color (for the blank field on which the characters are dis-
played). A programmer initializes a color-pair with the routine
init_pair. After it has been initialized, COLOR_PAIR(n), a macro de-
fined in <curses.h>, can be used as a new video attribute.
If a terminal is capable of redefining colors, the programmer can use
the routine init_color to change the definition of a color. The rou-
tines has_colors and can_change_color return TRUE or FALSE, depending
on whether the terminal has color capabilities and whether the program-
mer can change the colors. The routine color_content allows a program-
mer to extract the amounts of red, green, and blue components in an
initialized color. The routine pair_content allows a programmer to
find out how a given color-pair is currently defined.
Routine Descriptions
The start_color routine requires no arguments. It must be called if
the programmer wants to use colors, and before any other color manipu-
lation routine is called. It is good practice to call this routine
right after initscr. start_color initializes eight basic colors
(black, red, green, yellow, blue, magenta, cyan, and white), and two
global variables, COLORS and COLOR_PAIRS (respectively defining the
maximum number of colors and color-pairs the terminal can support). It
also restores the colors on the terminal to the values they had when
the terminal was just turned on.
The init_pair routine changes the definition of a color-pair. It takes
three arguments: the number of the color-pair to be changed, the fore-
ground color number, and the background color number. For portable ap-
plications:
o The value of the first argument must be between 1 and COL-
OR_PAIRS-1, except that if default colors are used (see use_de-
fault_colors) the upper limit is adjusted to allow for extra pairs
which use a default color in foreground and/or background.
o The value of the second and third arguments must be between 0 and
COLORS. Color pair 0 is assumed to be white on black, but is actu-
ally whatever the terminal implements before color is initialized.
It cannot be modified by the application.
If the color-pair was previously initialized, the screen is refreshed
and all occurrences of that color-pair are changed to the new defini-
tion.
As an extension, ncurses allows you to set color pair 0 via the as-
sume_default_colors routine, or to specify the use of default colors
(color number -1) if you first invoke the use_default_colors routine.
The init_color routine changes the definition of a color. It takes
four arguments: the number of the color to be changed followed by three
RGB values (for the amounts of red, green, and blue components). The
value of the first argument must be between 0 and COLORS. (See the
section Colors for the default color index.) Each of the last three
arguments must be a value between 0 and 1000. When init_color is used,
all occurrences of that color on the screen immediately change to the
new definition.
The has_colors routine requires no arguments. It returns TRUE if the
terminal can manipulate colors; otherwise, it returns FALSE. This rou-
tine facilitates writing terminal-independent programs. For example, a
programmer can use it to decide whether to use color or some other
video attribute.
The can_change_color routine requires no arguments. It returns TRUE if
the terminal supports colors and can change their definitions; other,
it returns FALSE. This routine facilitates writing terminal-indepen-
dent programs.
The color_content routine gives programmers a way to find the intensity
of the red, green, and blue (RGB) components in a color. It requires
four arguments: the color number, and three addresses of shorts for
storing the information about the amounts of red, green, and blue com-
ponents in the given color. The value of the first argument must be
between 0 and COLORS. The values that are stored at the addresses
pointed to by the last three arguments are between 0 (no component) and
1000 (maximum amount of component).
The pair_content routine allows programmers to find out what colors a
given color-pair consists of. It requires three arguments: the color-
pair number, and two addresses of shorts for storing the foreground and
the background color numbers. The value of the first argument must be
between 1 and COLOR_PAIRS-1. The values that are stored at the ad-
dresses pointed to by the second and third arguments are between 0 and
COLORS.
Colors
In <curses.h> the following macros are defined. These are the default
colors. curses also assumes that COLOR_BLACK is the default background
color for all terminals.
COLOR_BLACK
COLOR_RED
COLOR_GREEN
COLOR_YELLOW
COLOR_BLUE
COLOR_MAGENTA
COLOR_CYAN
COLOR_WHITE
RETURN VALUE
The routines can_change_color() and has_colors() return TRUE or FALSE.
All other routines return the integer ERR upon failure and an OK (SVr4
specifies only "an integer value other than ERR") upon successful com-
pletion.
X/Open defines no error conditions. This implementation will return
ERR on attempts to use color values outside the range 0 to COLORS-1
(except for the default colors extension), or use color pairs outside
the range 0 to COLOR_PAIRS-1. Color values used in init_color must be
in the range 0 to 1000. An error is returned from all functions if the
terminal has not been initialized. An error is returned from secondary
functions such as init_pair if start_color was not called.
init_color
returns an error if the terminal does not support this feature,
e.g., if the initialize_color capability is absent from the
terminal description.
start_color
returns an error if the color table cannot be allocated.
NOTES
In the ncurses implementation, there is a separate color activation
flag, color palette, color pairs table, and associated COLORS and COL-
OR_PAIRS counts for each screen; the start_color function only affects
the current screen. The SVr4/XSI interface is not really designed with
this in mind, and historical implementations may use a single shared
color palette.
Note that setting an implicit background color via a color pair affects
only character cells that a character write operation explicitly touch-
es. To change the background color used when parts of a window are
blanked by erasing or scrolling operations, see bkgd(3NCURSES).
Several caveats apply on 386 and 486 machines with VGA-compatible
graphics:
o COLOR_YELLOW is actually brown. To get yellow, use COLOR_YELLOW
combined with the A_BOLD attribute.
o The A_BLINK attribute should in theory cause the background to go
bright. This often fails to work, and even some cards for which it
mostly works (such as the Paradise and compatibles) do the wrong
thing when you try to set a bright "yellow" background (you get a
blinking yellow foreground instead).
o Color RGB values are not settable.
PORTABILITY
This implementation satisfies XSI Curses's minimum maximums for COLORS
and COLOR_PAIRS.
The init_pair routine accepts negative values of foreground and back-
ground color to support the use_default_colors extension, but only if
that routine has been first invoked.
The assumption that COLOR_BLACK is the default background color for all
terminals can be modified using the assume_default_colors extension.
This implementation checks the pointers, e.g., for the values returned
by color_content and pair_content, and will treat those as optional pa-
rameters when null.
SEE ALSO
ncurses(3NCURSES), initscr(3NCURSES), attr(3NCURSES), curses_vari-
ables(3NCURSES), default_colors(3NCURSES)
color(3NCURSES)
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