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SNMPCMD(1)                         Net-SNMP                         SNMPCMD(1)

NAME
       snmpcmd - options and behaviour common to most of the Net-SNMP command-
       line tools

SYNOPSIS
       snmpcmd [OPTIONS] AGENT [PARAMETERS]

DESCRIPTION
       This manual page describes the common options for  the  SNMP  commands:
       snmpbulkget,  snmpbulkwalk,  snmpdelta,  snmpget, snmpgetnext, snmpnet-
       stat, snmpset, snmpstatus, snmptable, snmptest, snmptrap,  snmpdf, snm-
       pusm  , snmpwalk .  The command line applications use the SNMP protocol
       to communicate with an SNMP capable network entity, an agent.  Individ-
       ual applications typically (but not necessarily) take additional param-
       eters that are given after the agent specification.   These  parameters
       are documented in the manual pages for each application.

COMMAND-LINE CONFIG OPTIONS
       In  addition  to  the options described in this manual page, all of the
       tokens described in the snmp.conf and other .conf manual pages  can  be
       used  on the command line of Net-SNMP applications as well by prefixing
       them with "--".  EG, specifying --dontLoadHostConfig=true on  the  com-
       mand  line  will  turn  of  loading  of the host specific configuration
       files.

       The snmp.conf file settings and the double-dash arguments over-ride the
       single-dash  arguments.   So it's important to note that if single-dash
       arguments aren't working because you have  settings  in  the  snmp.conf
       file  that  conflict  with them then you'll need to use the longer-form
       double-dash arguments to successfully trump  the  snmp.conf  file  set-
       tings.

Generic Options
       These  options  control  how the Net-SNMP commands behave regardless of
       what version of SNMP you are using.  See further below for options that
       control specific versions or sub-modules of the SNMP protocol.

       -d     Dump (in hexadecimal) the raw SNMP packets sent and received.

       -D[TOKEN[,...]]
              Turn  on  debugging  output for the given TOKEN(s).  Try ALL for
              extremely verbose output.

       -h, --help
              Display a brief usage message and then exit.

       -H     Display a list of configuration  file  directives  under-
              stood by the command and then exit.

       -I [brRhu]
              Specifies input parsing options. See INPUT OPTIONS below.

       -L [eEfFoOsS]
              Specifies  output  logging  options.  See LOGGING OPTIONS
              below.

       -m MIBLIST
              Specifies a colon separated  list  of  MIB  modules  (not
              files)  to load for this application.  This overrides (or
              augments) the environment variable  MIBS,  the  snmp.conf
              directive  mibs,  and the list of MIBs hardcoded into the
              Net-SNMP library.

              If MIBLIST has a leading '-' or '+' character,  then  the
              MIB  modules listed are loaded in addition to the default
              list, coming before  or  after  this  list  respectively.
              Otherwise,  the specified MIBs are loaded instead of this
              default list.

              The special keyword ALL is used to load all  MIB  modules
              in  the MIB directory search list.  Every file whose name
              does not begin with "." will be parsed as if  it  were  a
              MIB file.

       -M DIRLIST
              Specifies a colon separated list of directories to search
              for MIBs.  This overrides (or augments)  the  environment
              variable  MIBDIRS,  the  snmp.conf directive mibdirs, and
              the default directory hardcoded into the Net-SNMP library
              (/usr/share/snmp/mibs).

              If  DIRLIST  has a leading '-' or '+' character, then the
              given directories are added to the  default  list,  being
              searched  before  or  after  the directories on this list
              respectively.  Otherwise, the specified  directories  are
              searched instead of this default list.

              Note  that  the  directories  appearing later in the list
              have have precedence over earlier ones.  To avoid search-
              ing  any  MIB  directories,  set  the MIBDIRS environment
              variable to the empty string ("").

              Note that MIBs specified using the -m option or the  mibs
              configuration  directive  will  be loaded from one of the
              directories listed by the  -M  option  (or  equivalents).
              The  mibfile directive takes a full path to the specified
              MIB file, so this does not need to be in the  MIB  direc-
              tory search list.

       -v 1 | 2c | 3
              Specifies   the   protocol   version   to  use:  1  (RFCs
              1155-1157), 2c (RFCs 1901-1908), or 3  (RFCs  2571-2574).
              The  default  is  typically  version  3.   Overrides  the
              defVersion token in the snmp.conf file.  -O [abeEfnqQsSt-
              TuUvxX]  Specifies  output  printing  options. See OUTPUT
              OPTIONS below.

       -P [cdeRuwW]
              Specifies MIB parsing options.  See MIB  PARSING  OPTIONS
              below.

       -r retries
              Specifies  the  number  of  retries  to  be  used  in the
              requests. The default is 5.

       -t timeout
              Specifies the timeout in  seconds  between  retries.  The
              default  is  1.   Floating  point  numbers can be used to
              specify fractions of seconds.

       -V, --version
              Display version information for the application and  then
              exit.

       -Yname="value"

       --name="value"
              Allows one to specify any token ("name") supported in the
              snmp.conf file and sets its value to  "value".  Overrides
              the  corresponding  token  in  the  snmp.conf  file.  See
              snmp.conf(5) for the full list of tokens.

SNMPv3 Options
       The following options  are  generic  to  all  forms  of  SNMPv3,
       regardless  of  whether it's the original SNMPv3 with USM or the
       newer SNMPv3 over (D)TLS support.

       -l secLevel
              Set the securityLevel used for SNMPv3 messages (noAuthNo-
              Priv|authNoPriv|authPriv).   Appropriate  pass  phrase(s)
              must provided when using any level higher than  noAuthNo-
              Priv.    Overrides  the  defSecurityLevel  token  in  the
              snmp.conf file.

       -n contextName
              Set  the  contextName  used  for  SNMPv3  messages.   The
              default  contextName  is  the empty string "".  Overrides
              the defContext token in the snmp.conf file.

SNMPv3 over TLS Options
       These options pass  transport-specific  parameters  to  the  TLS
       layer.   If  you're  using  SNMP over TLS or DTLS you'll need to
       pass a combination of these either through  these  command  line
       options or through snmp.conf configuration tokens.

       A note about <certificate-specifier>s : Net-SNMP looks for X.509
       certificates in each of the normal SNMP configuration  directory
       search  paths  under  a "tls" subdirectory.  IE, it will look in
       ~/.snmp/tls and in /usr/local/share/snmp/tls  for  certificates.
       The  certificate  components (eg, the public and private halves)
       are stored in sub-directories underneath this root set of direc-
       tories.   See the net-snmp-cert tool for help in importing, cre-
       ating and managing Net-SNMP  certificates.   <certificate-speci-
       fier>s  can reference either a fingerprint of the certificate to
       use (the net-snmp-cert tool can help you figure out the certifi-
       cates)  or  the  filename's prefix can be used.  For example, if
       you had a "snmpd.crt" certificate file  then  you  could  simply
       refer to the certificate via the "snmpd" specifier.

       -T localCert=<certificate-specifier>
              Indicates  to  the  transport which key should be used to
              initiate (D)TLS client connections.  This would typically
              be a certificate found using the certificate fingerprint,
              the application name (eg snmpd, snmptrapd, perl,  python)
              or genericized name "snmpapp" if using one of the generic
              applications (snmpget, snmpwalk, etc).  This can also  be
              set using the localCert specifier in a snmp.conf configu-
              ration file.

       -T peerCert=<certificate-specifier>
              If you expect a particular certificate to be presented by
              the  other  side then you can use this specifier to indi-
              cate the certificate it should present.  If it  fails  to
              present  the  expected certificate the client will refuse
              to open the connection  (because  doing  otherwise  could
              lead to man-in-the-middle attacks).  This can also be set
              using the peerCert specifier in a snmp.conf configuration
              file.

       -T trust_cert=<certificate-specifier>
              If  you  have a trusted CA certificate you wish to anchor
              trust with, you can use this flag to load  a  given  cer-
              tificate  as  a  trust anchor.  A copy of the certificate
              must exist within the Net-SNMP certificate storage system
              or this must point to a complete path name.  Also see the
              "trustCert" snmp.conf configuration token.

       -T their_hostname=<name>
              If the server's presented certificate can  be  validating
              using  a trust anchor then their hostname will be checked
              to ensure their presented hostname matches  one  that  is
              expected  (you  don't  want  to connect to goodhost.exam-
              ple.com  and  accept  a  certificate  presented  by  bad-
              host.example.com  do  you?).   This token can specify the
              exact host name expected to be presented  by  the  remote
              side,  either in a subjectAltName field or in the Common-
              Name field of the server's X.509 certificate.

SNMPv3 with USM Options
       These options are specific to using  SNMPv3  with  the  original
       User-based Security Model (USM).

       -3[MmKk]  0xHEXKEY
              Sets  the keys to be used for SNMPv3 transactions.  These
              options allow you to set the  master  authentication  and
              encryption  keys  (-3m  and  -3M respectively) or set the
              localized authentication and encryption keys (-3k and -3K
              respectively).   SNMPv3  keys  can be either passed in by
              hand using these flags, or by the use of  keys  generated
              from passwords using the -A and -X flags discussed below.
              For further details on SNMPv3 and  its  usage  of  keying
              information,   see  the  Net-SNMP  tutorial  web  site  (
              http://www.Net-SNMP.org/tutorial-5/commands/  ).    Over-
              rides the defAuthMasterKey (-3m), defPrivMasterKey (-3M),
              defAuthLocalizedKey (-3k)  or  defPrivLocalizedKey  (-3K)
              tokens,   respectively,   in   the  snmp.conf  file,  see
              snmp.conf(5).

       -a authProtocol
              Set the authentication protocol (MD5  or  SHA)  used  for
              authenticated  SNMPv3 messages. Overrides the defAuthType
              token in the snmp.conf file.

       -A authPassword
              Set the authentication pass phrase used for authenticated
              SNMPv3  messages.   Overrides the defAuthPassphrase token
              in the snmp.conf file. It is  insecure  to  specify  pass
              phrases on the command line, see snmp.conf(5).

       -e engineID
              Set the authoritative (security) engineID used for SNMPv3
              REQUEST messages, given as a hexadecimal string  (option-
              ally prefixed by "0x").  It is typically not necessary to
              specify this engine ID, as it will usually be  discovered
              automatically.

       -E engineID
              Set the context engineID used for SNMPv3 REQUEST messages
              scopedPdu, given as a hexadecimal string.  If not  speci-
              fied, this will default to the authoritative engineID.

       -u secName
              Set  the  securityName used for authenticated SNMPv3 mes-
              sages.   Overrides  the  defSecurityName  token  in   the
              snmp.conf file.

       -x privProtocol
              Set  the privacy protocol (DES or AES) used for encrypted
              SNMPv3 messages.  Overrides the defPrivType token in  the
              snmp.conf file. This option is only valid if the Net-SNMP
              software was build to use OpenSSL.

       -X privPassword
              Set the privacy pass phrase  used  for  encrypted  SNMPv3
              messages.   Overrides  the defPrivPassphrase token in the
              snmp.conf file.  It is insecure to specify  pass  phrases
              on the command line, see snmp.conf(5).

       -Z boots,time
              Set the engineBoots and engineTime used for authenticated
              SNMPv3 messages.  This will initialize the  local  notion
              of  the  agents  boots/time  with  an authenticated value
              stored in the LCD.  It  is  typically  not  necessary  to
              specify this option, as these values will usually be dis-
              covered automatically.

SNMPv1 and SNMPv2c Options
       -c community
              Set the community  string  for  SNMPv1/v2c  transactions.
              Overrides the defCommunity token in the snmp.conf file.

AGENT SPECIFICATION
       The string AGENT in the SYNOPSIS above specifies the remote SNMP
       entity with which to communicate.  This specification takes  the
       form:

              [<transport-specifier>:]<transport-address>

       At  its simplest, the AGENT specification may consist of a host-
       name, or an IPv4 address in the standard "dotted quad" notation.
       In  this case, communication will be attempted using UDP/IPv4 to
       port 161 of the given host.  Otherwise, the  <transport-address>
       part  of  the specification is parsed according to the following
       table:

           <transport-specifier>       <transport-address> format

           udp                         hostname[:port]               or
                                       IPv4-address[:port]

           tcp                         hostname[:port]               or
                                       IPv4-address[:port]

           unix                        pathname

           ipx                         [network]:node[/port]

           aal5pvc or pvc              [interface.][VPI.]VCI

           udp6 or udpv6 or udpipv6    hostname[:port]               or
                                       IPv6-address:port or
                                        '['IPv6-address']'[:port]

           tcp6 or tcpv6 or tcpipv6    hostname[:port]               or
                                       IPv6-address:port or
                                        '['IPv6-address']'[:port]

       Note that <transport-specifier> strings are case-insensitive  so
       that,  for  example,  "tcp"  and "TCP" are equivalent.  Here are
       some examples, along with their interpretation:

       hostname:161            perform query using  UDP/IPv4  datagrams
                               to  hostname on port 161.  The ":161" is
                               redundant here since that is the default
                               SNMP port in any case.

       udp:hostname            identical to the previous specification.
                               The  "udp:"  is  redundant  here   since
                               UDP/IPv4 is the default transport.

       TCP:hostname:1161       connect  to  hostname on port 1161 using
                               TCP/IPv4 and  perform  query  over  that
                               connection.  udp6:hostname:10161 perform
                               the query using  UDP/IPv6  datagrams  to
                               port  10161  on  hostname (which will be
                               looked up as an AAAA record).

       UDP6:[fe80::2d0:b7ff:fe21:c6c0]
                               perform the query using  UDP/IPv6  data-
                               grams    to    port   161   at   address
                               fe80::2d0:b7ff:fe21:c6c0.

       tcpipv6:[::1]:1611      connect to port 1611 on the  local  host
                               (::1  in  IPv6  parlance) using TCP/IPv6
                               and perform query over that connection.

       tls:hostname:10161

       dtls:hostname:10161     Connects using SNMP over DTLS or TLS  as
                               documented  by  the  ISMS  working group
                               (RFCs  not  yet  published  as  of  this
                               date).  This will require (and automati-
                               cally ensures)  that  the  TSM  security
                               model  is  in  use.  You'll also need to
                               set up trust paths for the  certificates
                               presented  by  the server (see above for
                               descriptions of this).

       ssh:hostname:22         Connects using SNMP over  SSH  as  docu-
                               mented  by  the ISMS working group (RFCs
                               not yet  published  as  of  this  date).
                               This  will require that the TSM security
                               model   is   in   use    (--defSecurity-
                               Model=tsm).

       ipx::00D0B7AAE308       perform  query  using  IPX  datagrams to
                               node number 00D0B7AAE308 on the  default
                               network,  and using the default IPX port
                               of 36879  (900F  hexadecimal),  as  sug-
                               gested in RFC 1906.

       ipx:0AE43409:00D0B721C6C0/1161
                               perform  query  using  IPX  datagrams to
                               port 1161 on node number 00D0B721C6C0 on
                               network number 0AE43409.

       unix:/tmp/local-agent   connect   to   the  Unix  domain  socket
                               /tmp/local-agent, and perform the  query
                               over that connection.

       /tmp/local-agent        identical to the previous specification,
                               since the Unix  domain  is  the  default
                               transport iff the first character of the
                               <transport-address> is a '/'.

       alias:myname            perform a connection to the myname alias
                               which   needs   to  be  defined  in  the
                               snmp.conf file using a line like " alias
                               myname  udp:127.0.0.1:9161  ".  Any type
                               of transport definition can be  used  as
                               the  alias expansion parameter.  Aliases
                               are  particularly   useful   for   using
                               repeated complex transport strings.

       AAL5PVC:100             perform  the  query using AAL5 PDUs sent
                               on the permanent  virtual  circuit  with
                               VPI=0 and VCI=100 (decimal) on the first
                               ATM adapter in the machine.

       PVC:1.10.32             perform the query using AAL5  PDUs  sent
                               on  the  permanent  virtual circuit with
                               VPI=10 (decimal) and VCI=32 (decimal) on
                               the  second  ATM adapter in the machine.
                               Note  that  "PVC"  is  a   synonym   for
                               "AAL5PVC".

       Note that not all the transport domains listed above will always
       be available; for instance, hosts with no IPv6 support will  not
       be  able  to use udp6 transport addresses, and attempts to do so
       will result in the error "Unknown host".  Likewise,  since  AAL5
       PVC  support  is only currently available on Linux, it will fail
       with the same error on other platforms.

MIB PARSING OPTIONS
       The Net-SNMP MIB parser mostly adheres to the Structure of  Man-
       agement  Information  (SMI).   As that specification has changed
       through time, and in recognition of the (ahem) diversity in com-
       pliance  expressed in MIB files, additional options provide more
       flexibility in reading MIB files.

       -Pc    Toggles whether ASN.1 comments should extend to  the  end
              of  the  MIB  source  line.   Strictly speaking, a second
              appearance of "--" should terminate the comment, but this
              breaks  some MIB files.  The default behaviour (to inter-
              pret comments correctly) can also be set with the config-
              uration token commentToEOL.

       -Pd    Disables  the  loading  of  MIB  object DESCRIPTIONs when
              parsing MIB files.  This reduces  the  amount  of  memory
              used by the running application.

       -Pe    Toggles  whether  to show errors encountered when parsing
              MIB files.  These include references to IMPORTed  modules
              and  MIB objects that cannot be located in the MIB direc-
              tory search list.  The default behaviour can also be  set
              with the configuration token showMibErrors.

       -PR    If  the  same MIB object (parent name and sub-identifier)
              appears multiple times in the  list  of  MIB  definitions
              loaded,  use the last version to be read in.  By default,
              the first version will be used, and any  duplicates  dis-
              carded.  This behaviour can also be set with the configu-
              ration token mibReplaceWithLatest.

              Such ordering is normally only relevant if there are  two
              MIB  files  with  conflicting  object definitions for the
              same OID (or different revisions of the  same  basic  MIB
              object).

       -Pu    Toggles  whether  to allow the underline character in MIB
              object names and other symbols.  Strictly speaking,  this
              is not valid SMI syntax, but some vendor MIB files define
              such names.  The default behaviour can also be  set  with
              the configuration token mibAllowUnderline.

       -Pw    Show  various  warning  messages in parsing MIB files and
              building the overall OID tree.  This can also be set with
              the configuration directive mibWarningLevel 1

       -PW    Show some additional warning messages, mostly relating to
              parsing individual MIB objects.  This  can  also  be  set
              with the configuration directive mibWarningLevel 2

OUTPUT OPTIONS
       The  format  of  the output from SNMP commands can be controlled
       using various parameters of the -O flag.  The effects  of  these
       sub-options can be seen by comparison with the following default
       output (unless otherwise specified):
              $ snmpget -c public -v 1 localhost sysUpTime.0
              SNMPv2-MIB::sysUpTime.0 = Timeticks: (14096763) 1 day, 15:09:27.63

       -Oa    Display string values as ASCII strings (unless there is a
              DISPLAY-HINT  defined  for the corresponding MIB object).
              By default, the library attempts to determine whether the
              value  is  a  printable or binary string, and displays it
              accordingly.

              This option does not affect objects that do have  a  Dis-
              play Hint.

       -Ob    Display  table indexes numerically, rather than trying to
              interpret the instance subidentifiers as  string  or  OID
              values:
                  $ snmpgetnext -c public -v 1 localhost vacmSecurityModel
                  SNMP-VIEW-BASED-ACM-MIB::vacmSecurityModel.0."wes" = xxx
                  $ snmpgetnext -c public -v 1 -Ob localhost vacmSecurityModel
                  SNMP-VIEW-BASED-ACM-MIB::vacmSecurityModel.0.3.119.101.115 = xxx

       -Oe    Removes the symbolic labels from enumeration values:
                  $ snmpget -c public -v 1 localhost ipForwarding.0
                  IP-MIB::ipForwarding.0 = INTEGER: forwarding(1)
                  $ snmpget -c public -v 1 -Oe localhost ipForwarding.0
                  IP-MIB::ipForwarding.0 = INTEGER: 1

       -OE    Modifies index strings to escape the quote characters:
                  $ snmpgetnext -c public -v 1 localhost vacmSecurityModel
                  SNMP-VIEW-BASED-ACM-MIB::vacmSecurityModel.0."wes" = xxx
                  $ snmpgetnext -c public -v 1 -OE localhost vacmSecurityModel
                  SNMP-VIEW-BASED-ACM-MIB::vacmSecurityModel.0.\"wes\" = xxx

              This allows the output to be reused in shell commands.

       -Of    Include  the  full list of MIB objects when displaying an
              OID:
                  .iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.mib-2.system.sysUpTime.0 =
                             Timeticks: (14096763) 1 day, 15:09:27.63

       -On    Displays the OID numerically:
                  .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.3.0 =  Timeticks:  (14096763)  1  day,
              15:09:27.63

       -Oq    Removes the equal sign and type information when display-
              ing varbind values:
                  SNMPv2-MIB::sysUpTime.0 1:15:09:27.63

       -OQ    Removes the type information when displaying varbind val-
              ues:
                  SNMPv2-MIB::sysUpTime.0 = 1:15:09:27.63

       -Os    Display  the  MIB object name (plus any instance or other
              subidentifiers):
                  sysUpTime.0   =   Timeticks:   (14096763)   1    day,
              15:09:27.63

       -OS    Display the name of the MIB, as well as the object name:
                  SNMPv2-MIB::sysUpTime.0  =  Timeticks:  (14096763)  1
              day, 15:09:27.63

              This is the default OID output format.

       -Ot    Display TimeTicks values as raw numbers:
                  SNMPv2-MIB::sysUpTime.0 = 14096763

       -OT    If values are printed as Hex strings, display a printable
              version as well.

       -Ou    Display  the  OID in the traditional UCD-style (inherited
              from the original  CMU  code).   That  means  removing  a
              series  of "standard" prefixes from the OID, and display-
              ing the remaining list of  MIB  object  names  (plus  any
              other subidentifiers):
                  system.sysUpTime.0  =  Timeticks:  (14096763)  1 day,
              15:09:27.63

       -OU    Do not print the UNITS suffix at the end of the value.

       -Ov    Display the varbind value only, not the OID:
                  $ snmpget -c public -v 1 -Ov localhost ipForwarding.0
                  INTEGER: forwarding(1)

       -Ox    Display string values as Hex strings (unless there  is  a
              DISPLAY-HINT  defined  for the corresponding MIB object).
              By default, the library attempts to determine whether the
              value  is  a  printable or binary string, and displays it
              accordingly.

              This option does not affect objects that do have  a  Dis-
              play Hint.

       -OX    Display  table  indexes  in a more "program like" output,
              imitating a traditional array-style index format:
                  $ snmpgetnext -c public -v 1 localhost ipv6RouteTable
                  IPv6-MIB::ipv6RouteIfIndex.63.254.1.0.255.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.64.1 = INTEGER: 2
                  $ snmpgetnext -c public -v 1 -OX localhost ipv6RouteTable
                  IPv6-MIB::ipv6RouteIfIndex[3ffe:100:ff00:0:0:0:0:0][64][1] = INTEGER: 2

       Most of these options can also be configured  via  configuration
       tokens.  See the snmp.conf(5) manual page for details.

LOGGING OPTIONS
       The  mechanism and destination to use for logging of warning and
       error messages can be controlled by passing  various  parameters
       to the -L flag.

       -Le    Log messages to the standard error stream.

       -Lf FILE
              Log messages to the specified file.

       -Lo    Log messages to the standard output stream.

       -Ls FACILITY
              Log  messages  via  syslog,  using the specified facility
              ('d' for LOG_DAEMON, 'u' for  LOG_USER,  or  '0'-'7'  for
              LOG_LOCAL0 through LOG_LOCAL7).

       There  are  also "upper case" versions of each of these options,
       which allow the corresponding logging mechanism to be restricted
       to  certain priorities of message.  Using standard error logging
       as an example:

       -LE pri
              will log messages of priority 'pri' and above to standard
              error.

       -LE p1-p2
              will  log  messages  with  priority between 'p1' and 'p2'
              (inclusive) to standard error.

       For -LF and -LS the priority specification comes before the file
       or facility token.  The priorities recognised are:

              0 or !  for LOG_EMERG,
              1 or a for LOG_ALERT,
              2 or c for LOG_CRIT,
              3 or e for LOG_ERR,
              4 or w for LOG_WARNING,
              5 or n for LOG_NOTICE,
              6 or i for LOG_INFO, and
              7 or d for LOG_DEBUG.

       Normal  output  is  (or  will be!) logged at a priority level of
       LOG_NOTICE

INPUT OPTIONS
       The interpretation of input object names and the  values  to  be
       assigned  can  be  controlled using various parameters of the -I
       flag.  The default behaviour will be described  at  the  end  of
       this section.

       -Ib    specifies  that  the  given  name should be regarded as a
              regular expression, to match (case-insensitively) against
              object  names  in the MIB tree.  The "best" match will be
              used - calculated as the one that matches the closest  to
              the  beginning  of  the  node name and the highest in the
              tree.  For  example,  the  MIB  object  vacmSecurityModel
              could  be  matched  by  the  expression vacmsecuritymodel
              (full name, but different case), or  vacm.*model  (regexp
              pattern).

              Note  that  '.' is a special character in regular expres-
              sion patterns, so the expression cannot specify  instance
              subidentifiers  or  more  than  one object name.  A "best
              match" expression will only be applied against single MIB
              object  names.   For example, the expression sys*ontact.0
              would  not  match  the  instance  sysContact.0  (although
              sys*ontact  would match sysContact).  Similarly, specify-
              ing  a   MIB   module   name   will   not   succeed   (so
              SNMPv2-MIB::sys.*ontact would not match either).

       -Ih    disables the use of DISPLAY-HINT information when assign-
              ing values.  This would then require  providing  the  raw
              value:
                  snmpset ... HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrSystemDate.0
                                  x "07 D2 0C 0A 02 04 06 08"
              instead of a formatted version:
                  snmpset ... HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrSystemDate.0
                                  = 2002-12-10,2:4:6.8

       -Ir    disables  checking  table  indexes  and  the  value to be
              assigned against the relevant MIB definitions.  This will
              (hopefully)  result  in  the  remote  agent  reporting an
              invalid request, rather  than  checking  (and  rejecting)
              this before it is sent to the remote agent.

              Local checks are more efficient (and the diagnostics pro-
              vided also tend to be more precise), but  disabling  this
              behaviour  is particularly useful when testing the remote
              agent.

       -IR    enables "random access" lookup of MIB names.  Rather than
              providing  a  full OID path to the desired MIB object (or
              qualifying this object with an explicit MIB module name),
              the  MIB  tree  will  be searched for the matching object
              name.  Thus .iso.org.dod.internet.mib-2.system.sysDescr.0
              (or  SNMPv2-MIB::sysDescr.0)  can  be specified simply as
              sysDescr.0.

              Warning:
                     Since MIB object names are  not  globally  unique,
                     this  approach  may  return a different MIB object
                     depending on which MIB files have been loaded.

              The MIB-MODULE::objectName syntax has  the  advantage  of
              uniquely  identifying a particular MIB object, as well as
              being slightly more efficient (and automatically  loading
              the necessary MIB file if necessary).

       -Is SUFFIX
              adds  the  specified  suffix to each textual OID given on
              the command line.  This can be used to retrieve  multiple
              objects  from  the  same  row of a table, by specifying a
              common index value.

       -IS PREFIX
              adds the specified prefix to each textual  OID  given  on
              the  command  line.   This  can  be  used  to  specify an
              explicit MIB module name for all objects being  retrieved
              (or for incurably lazy typists).

       -Iu    enables  the traditional UCD-style approach to interpret-
              ing input OIDs.  This assumes that OIDs are rooted at the
              'mib-2'  point  in  the  tree  (unless they start with an
              explicit '.' or include a MIB module name).  So the  sys-
              Descr instance above would be referenced as system.sysDe-
              scr.0.

       Object names specified with a leading '.' are always interpreted
       as  "fully  qualified" OIDs, listing the sequence of MIB objects
       from the root of the MIB tree.  Such objects and those qualified
       by  an  explicit  MIB module name are unaffected by the -Ib, -IR
       and -Iu flags.

       Otherwise, if none of the above input options are specified, the
       default  behaviour  for a "relative" OID is to try and interpret
       it as an (implicitly) fully qualified OID,  then  apply  "random
       access"  lookup (-IR), followed by "best match" pattern matching
       (-Ib).

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
       PREFIX The standard prefix for object  identifiers  (when  using
              UCD-style   output).    Defaults  to  .iso.org.dod.inter-
              net.mgmt.mib-2

       MIBS   The   list    of    MIBs    to    load.    Defaults    to
              SNMPv2-TC:SNMPv2-MIB:IF-MIB:IP-MIB:TCP-MIB:UDP-MIB:SNMP-VACM-MIB.
              Overridden by the -m option.

       MIBDIRS
              The list of directories to search for MIBs.  Defaults  to
              /usr/share/snmp/mibs.  Overridden by the -M option.

FILES
       /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf
              Agent configuration file. See snmpd.conf(5).

       /etc/snmp/snmp.conf

       ~/.snmp/snmp.conf
              Application configuration files. See snmp.conf(5).

SEE ALSO
       snmpget(1),  snmpgetnext(1),  snmpset(1),  snmpbulkget(1), snmp-
       bulkwalk(1),  snmpwalk(1),  snmptable(1),  snmpnetstat(1),  snm-
       pdelta(1),   snmptrap(1),  snmpinform(1),  snmpusm(1),  snmpsta-
       tus(1), snmptest(1), snmp.conf(5).

V5.7.3                            20 Jul 2010                       SNMPCMD(1)

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