x SuSE Linux 13.1-RELEASE x
x SuSE Linux 13.1-RELEASEx
libcurl-thread(3) libcurl libcurl-thread(3)
NAME
libcurl-thread - libcurl thread safety
Multi-threading with libcurl
libcurl is thread safe but has no internal thread synchronization. You
may have to provide your own locking should you meet any of the thread
safety exceptions below.
Handles
You must never share the same handle in multiple threads. You can pass
the handles around among threads, but you must never use a single han-
dle from more than one thread at any given time.
Shared objects
You can share certain data between multiple handles by using the share
interface but you must provide your own locking and set
curl_share_setopt(3) CURLSHOPT_LOCKFUNC and CURLSHOPT_UNLOCKFUNC.
Note that some items are specifically documented as not thread-safe in
the share API (the connection pool and HSTS cache for example).
TLS
If you are accessing HTTPS or FTPS URLs in a multi-threaded manner, you
are then of course using the underlying SSL library multi-threaded and
those libs might have their own requirements on this issue. You may
need to provide one or two functions to allow it to function properly:
OpenSSL
OpenSSL 1.1.0+ "can be safely used in multi-threaded applica-
tions provided that support for the underlying OS threading API
is built-in." In that case the engine is used by libcurl in a
way that is fully thread-safe.
https://www.openssl.org/docs/man1.1.0/man3/CRYPTO_THREAD_run_once.html#DESCRIP-
TION
OpenSSL <= 1.0.2 the user must set callbacks.
https://www.openssl.org/docs/man1.0.2/man3/CRYPTO_set_lock-
ing_callback.html#DESCRIPTION
https://curl.se/libcurl/c/opensslthreadlock.html
GnuTLS https://gnutls.org/manual/html_node/Thread-safety.html
NSS thread-safe already without anything required.
Secure-Transport
The engine is used by libcurl in a way that is fully thread-
safe.
Schannel
The engine is used by libcurl in a way that is fully thread-
safe.
wolfSSL
The engine is used by libcurl in a way that is fully thread-
safe.
BoringSSL
The engine is used by libcurl in a way that is fully thread-
safe.
AWS-LC The engine is used by libcurl in a way that is fully thread-
safe.
Signals
Signals are used for timing out name resolves (during DNS lookup) -
when built without using either the c-ares or threaded resolver back-
ends. On systems that have a signal concept.
When using multiple threads you should set the CURLOPT_NOSIGNAL(3)
option to 1L for all handles. Everything works fine except that time-
outs cannot be honored during DNS lookups - which you can work around
by building libcurl with c-ares or threaded-resolver support. c-ares is
a library that provides asynchronous name resolves. On some platforms,
libcurl simply cannot function properly multi-threaded unless the CUR-
LOPT_NOSIGNAL(3) option is set.
When CURLOPT_NOSIGNAL(3) is set to 1L, your application needs to deal
with the risk of a SIGPIPE (that at least the OpenSSL backend can trig-
ger). Note that setting CURLOPT_NOSIGNAL(3) to 0L does not work in a
threaded situation as there is a race condition where libcurl risks
restoring the former signal handler while another thread should still
ignore it.
Name resolving
The gethostbyname or getaddrinfo and other name resolving system calls
used by libcurl are provided by your operating system and must be
thread safe. It is important that libcurl can find and use thread safe
versions of these and other system calls, as otherwise it cannot func-
tion fully thread safe. Some operating systems are known to have faulty
thread implementations. We have previously received problem reports on
*BSD (at least in the past, they may be working fine these days). Some
operating systems that are known to have solid and working thread sup-
port are Linux, Solaris and Windows.
curl_global_* functions
These functions are thread-safe since libcurl 7.84.0 if curl_ver-
sion_info(3) has the CURL_VERSION_THREADSAFE feature bit set (most
platforms).
If these functions are not thread-safe and you are using libcurl with
multiple threads it is especially important that before use you call
curl_global_init(3) or curl_global_init_mem(3) to explicitly initialize
the library and its dependents, rather than rely on the "lazy" fail-
safe initialization that takes place the first time curl_easy_init(3)
is called. For an in-depth explanation refer to libcurl(3) section
GLOBAL CONSTANTS.
Memory functions
These functions, provided either by your operating system or your own
replacements, must be thread safe. You can use curl_global_init_mem(3)
to set your own replacement memory functions.
Non-safe functions
CURLOPT_DNS_USE_GLOBAL_CACHE(3) is not thread-safe.
curl_version_info(3) is not thread-safe before libcurl initialization.
libcurl 8.4.0 August 22, 2023 libcurl-thread(3)
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